Sexual Abuse/Assault

www.ZeroAttempts.org

8:50
4:52
Malehood
Alyssa Lies
Jason Michael Carroll's

   

I'm a Man
Sexual Abuse

Teachers who sexually abuse students still find classroom jobs
Men banned for sexual misconduct are still coaching kids
Reports of sexual assaults spike at military academies
What about when MOM is the abuser?: Female Sex Offenders - Oprah Show
Mother-Son sexual abuse
Double-Standard Treatment for Child Abusers
Sexual Battery
Incest & Molestation
Child Molestation - Next Door - Our Ad
Rape
Date Rape
Corrective Rape
Myths Surrounding the Sexual Abuse of Males
Sexual Abuse of Boys
About Male Sexual Victimization
Genital Mutilation (Circumcision)
Campus Rape Prevention Program Targets Men's Restrooms
Wrongful Rape Convictions
Every 5 Minutes a Man is Forcibly Raped in the U.S. - The Other Side of Rape
Fraternities Speak Out Against Sexual Abuse
We're Teaching Consent All Wrong
Only "Yes" Means Yes
Request
Snippets on Sexual Abuse
Recovery
Newsbytes

Resources and the Facts of Life Line
Bibliography on Female Offenders
Related Issues:
Talking With Kids About Tough Issues, Abuse - Ritual, Incest/Molestation, Circumcision, Violence, Domestic Violence, Sexual Harassment, Women's' Violence and Prisons.
Books -
Abuse - Boys, Abuse - Children, Abuse - MPD, Abuse - Ritual, Abuse - Sexual
Books on Related Topics of
Circumcision, Anger, Forgiveness, Violence, Domestic Violence, Sexual Violence, Sexual Harassment, and Women's' Violence
Journals - on Sexual Abuse and Trauma
Bumper Sticker - Make the World Safe for Children
Bibliography on Boundaries

 

I'm a Man

She washes my penis
Rolling it around in her hands.
I feel aroused.
She puts her lips on it
kissing, gently sucking.
I feel it growing.
After all, "I'm a man."
I should be enjoying this.
Does it matter that
I haven't turned two yet?

 

This was my first poem, written while attending a gathering of poets and writers who had been sexually abused as children. With April being the month for national awareness on sexual abuse, and my belief that all of us, and particularly men, must come out of the closet around the ways we have been abused to help put an end to these problems, I have chosen Sexual/Ritual abuse as the focus here. I won't focus on the atrocities but concentrate on a different perspective.


Definitions of Sexual Abuse:


Let's look at the definition of sexual abuse derived primarily from within the Recovery community.

  • Physical sexual: involving intercourse, oral sex, anal sex, masturbation of the child, having a child masturbate an adult, sexual touching (fondling), sexual kissing and sexual hugging;
  • Overt/explicit: involving voyeurism or exhibitionism
  • Covert: involving verbal sexual abuse or lack of appropriate boundary setting with the child
  • Emotional sexual: involving emotional enmeshment by the parent, child witness to sexual abuse or not providing appropriate and healthy sexuality information.

The Facts


It is said that 1 in 3 girls and 1 in 5 boys (over 2 out of 3 boys if we include circumcision) will be sexually victimized before their 18th birthday, 85% of the perpetrators are individuals the child already knows-blood relatives, extended family members, neighbors, baby-sitters, etc. (Lear's Magazine, Feb, 1992). (See More Detail at the end of this page.)

If the truth be known, I think those numbers are on the low side and that it is such a horrendous thing for the adult mind to consider, that the inner child gets pushed even deeper from the surface of freedom, denying anything that bad could have ever happened to them. (In The Janus Report on Sexual Behavior, 1993, only 11% of men and 23% of women reported having been sexually molested as children.) When the nightmares come, or a flash of memory, or a negative body reaction to a sexual activity, it may be a sign that your inner child is ready to talk. Are you listening?

Cultural Denial & Fear


We all probably have one or more experiences of sexual abuse in our lives. What I will talk about here is a little different perspective. I want to focus on some of the effects of living in the largest sex-negative country in the world, where puritanical thought still wants us to think of sex as a tool for procreation only, not for joy. We're taught to be ashamed of masturbation, especially in marriage, not to touch children, not to hug and touch other adults unless it's sexual, simply because it will be taken as a sexual advance by most. It's a country where men touch other human beings 6-8 times a day, 4-6 of those touches are sexual yet Spanish men touch other human beings over 100 times a day, 6-8 of them sexual. Where two men could be beaten to death for walking hand-in-hand, though this is a common sight in Australia, Africa, Indonesia and many of the Soviet Block countries. Where people like Russ Limbaugh ridicule Bill Clinton and Al Gore for hugging in public, implying they must be some kind of perverts. There's something wrong with this picture where the power of a Limbaugh or the Christian Right can get a law passed in Colorado and almost in Oregon against gay and lesbians doing what the medical and psychological communities and many religious denominations have taken as a natural, god-given gift. (The Janus Report shows that 22% of men and 17% of women have had at least one homosexual experience.) It's the repression of what is natural that causes some people to do things that are not natural. Pedophiles are notoriously very "religious" people and, also reported in The Janus Report, three times as many ultraconservatives, compared to either independents or ultraliberals, rated sadomasochism as an acceptable practice.

In a country that claims to want to take responsibility to teach our children about sex, fewer than 20% of the parents actually do any form of sex education with their children. This has to be a contributor to the fact that there are 2 million teen pregnancies every year and that the heterosexual teen segment is one of the fastest growing segments when it comes to AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. So, what do we think we're doing as adults and parents. Protecting our children by not telling them? Know that under one of the definitions of "sexual abuse" above, the teaching of inappropriate information or the lack of teaching appropriate sex information is sexual abuse of children. We, have a responsibility as parents to get beyond our own fears and uncomfortableness, to insure that our children get information that will help them develop healthy and safe attitudes about sex.

Effect on Fathers


One of the travesties of this culture is the training fathers receive that causes them to withdraw as their teen-age daughters begin to develop. And, because most men are afraid to reveal our feelings to anyone, even other men or a therapist, we think that having these feelings makes us perverted. We often withdraw from our daughters at this very important time in their lives when they really need our positive reflection of their budding sexuality. If we would read, we would find out that the sexual energy is natural, and it comes from the daughter too. It shouldn't nor does it need to be acted out. But, don't turn or move away from your daughters hugs, either. It's often experienced by the daughter as a rejection of her as a sexual being, from the first and most important man in her life. This can be very damaging.

Phyllis Chesler writes in Mothers on Trial, that a custody battle constitutes male violence against women and that anti-mother brainwashing (among other things) by custodial fathers is child abuse. I think it's psychologically, if not sexually, abusive to keep fathers from shared joint physical custody of their children, making them a visitor at best in their children's lives. This includes fathers who decide not to be part of their children's lives. One of the reasons for this is that it denies the children the experience of their father, which is part of them and they'll never have the opportunity to see the masculine part of him as well as his feminine side. It is when the father is not allowed to acknowledge that feminine side in himself, in the presences of his children, and the acknowledgment of that in his children, that distorts those parts in his children.

Another area is around not informing the father of the birth and subsequent adoption of his child. Having talked to many adoptees about not knowing their father, nor being provided the information as a adult on how to find their father, has damaged them for a lifetime. Making it legal to keep this information from both the father and child is at least psychological abuse and can easily border on sexual abuse in many cases. "It is possible that the non-availability of a father...can be a predisposing factor in the development of gender identity disorders in their childhood" (DSM-III-R 302.60). Without the father's presence in his children's lives, the important lessons he was meant to teach don't get taught, not by a loving step-father, a loving mother, or anyone else.

Abusive messages surround us. Safeway, the grocery chain that's supposed to nourish us, is running a commercial aired last year. It shows a mother with two children and claims that she is a mother and a father, thereby removing any need of the father in the upbringing of balanced children. In essence, they have chosen to support the raising of more dysfunctional children.

Then there are the extreme cases where the father is charged with sexual abuse in a custody case. This is all too often used to get back at the husband and keep the children's love. In the long run what often happens is that the mother is the one who is rejected by the adult children for getting in between the children and their father, and it only destroys what could have been a very healthy up-bringing of the children by two parents in separate households.

While some of these accusations have been made that are false and tear divorcing families apart, it is important not to deny what is a horrid reality: sexual abuse happens, it happens to a great many children and some adults, it happens primarily by men but women also sexually abuse, and it is psychologically abusive to deny, minimize or keep the secret about the level of sexual abuse against boys and the impact it has on their lives.

What to do?


After all is said and done, I really wonder if anyone, boys or girls, escape from some form of sexual abuse present in our culture today. The point is that we must take action now to break the chain of what happened to us, so we won't be multiplying this effect over the number of children we have and expect all of them to break the chain for their children. It takes one person at a time.

What's important is to listen to the stories, no matter how horrid they may sound. Stories of childhood sexual abuse, of orgies, of torture, of murder and sacrifice. It's important to talk about your own experience, if you had one that you remember, and join together with others to stop the perpetration of abuse wherever we find it - in our own homes, next door, at the grocery store, in church or school, no matter who's doing it or what their excuse may be. Abuse must be stopped, NOW! Think about it! - Gordon Clay

Men banned for sexual misconduct are still coaching kids


After a conviction of sexual misconduct against a child, Gerald Murphy served prison time, lost his teaching certificate and was banned from USA Taekwondo. But he's still coaching young athletes at the same gym he did years ago. A USA TODAY investigation found Murphy's one of a half-dozen coaches banned for similar charges who remain active in their sport. Here’s how to find out if your kid's coach has been banned. The investigation comes months after former USA Gymnastics team doctor Larry Nassar was convicted of molesting women and girls for years during medical treatment. Here's how we make this stop.

Reports of sexual assaults spike at military academies


Reports of sexual assaults at the three military academies surged by more than 50 percent in the 2014-15 school year, and complaints of sexual harassment also spiked, according to documents reviewed by The Associated Press.

A senior defense official says the sharp increases were due largely to students' growing confidence in the reporting system and expanded awareness programs that over the past several years have included training, videos and information sessions for both students and leaders. The programs have been aimed at making victims more aware of the reporting process and more comfortable seeking help.

But the dramatic increases raise nagging questions about whether criminal assaults and harassment are on the rise or if the numbers actually reflect a growing willingness of victims to come forward.

According to report documents reviewed by the AP, there were 91 reported sexual assaults over the last school year at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, and the U.S. Air Force Academy in Colorado — compared to 59 during the 2013-14 school year.

Reports of assaults went up at all three of the schools, but the number nearly doubled at the Air Force Academy, jumping from 25 to 49.

At the same time, the number of sexual harassment complaints spiked by 40 percent, to a total of 28 during the last school year. According to the documents, the most sexual harassment complaints were at the Naval Academy, with 13. There were seven at West Point and eight at the Air Force Academy.

Asked about the Air Force increases, officials said the decrease in assaults during the 2013-14 school year may have been an anomaly, and the latest totals were closer to the norm in previous years. Air Force cadets, they said, also seem to be much more aware of the sexual assault prevention and response coordinators on campus and may be more willing to file reports.

The Air Force, however, has seen a number of public sexual assault scandals in recent years, including incidents involving members of academy sports teams.

Senior defense officials said a key recommendation this year is for the academies to put more emphasis on sexual harassment prevention and training, because often harassment leads to assault. Discussions with focus groups and other studies found that while students are very familiar with how to report sexual assaults and how to treat victims, they didn't know as much about what makes up sexual harassment and what to do about it.

One problem is that sexual harassment is handled by the various military Equal Opportunity offices, while sexual assault issues are handled by the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Offices.

The improved emphasis on harassment should eventually lead to reductions in assault, said officials, who were not authorized to discuss the issue ahead of the report's release Friday and thus spoke on condition of anonymity.

Senior Pentagon leaders have consistently argued for years that increased reporting is a good thing, because it suggests that victims are now more willing to come forward. Sexual assault in civilian and military society have historically been a vastly under-reported crime because victims often fear reprisals or stigma, or they worry that they won't be believed or don't want to go through the emotional turmoil of a court case.

But officials acknowledged Thursday that it is often difficult to tell how much of the increase in numbers stems from more crime or more reporting.

An anonymous survey of military academy students during the 2013-14 school year showed that fewer students said they had experienced unwanted sexual contact than in previous years. Unwanted contact ranges from inappropriate touching to rape. The surveys are done every other year, so there wasn't one accompanying this latest report. One will be done this spring for inclusion in the next report.

Officials also said that the increased training and education on sexual assault prevention has led more students to come forward to report assaults that happened before they joined the academies. Of the 91 reports for the last school year, eight were for assaults that happened before the student entered the military service.

As part of the report, there were 10 focus group sessions in March and April — seven with students and three with faculty and staff. Almost 200 students and nearly 100 faculty and staff took part.

Officials said that the discussions with students, faculty and staff in focus groups revealed some progress in attitudes about harassment, including an increasing number of students who talk about taking a more active role in preventing or objecting to harassing comments, including those in online social media sites.

The 2013 anonymous survey revealed a broad culture of bad behavior and disrespect among athletes at the military academies, including widespread complaints that students often feel they need to put up with sexist and offensive behavior as part of their school life. Officials said similar complaints about sports teams were voiced during the focus groups, but it was unclear how current the problems were.
Source: www.aol.com/article/2016/01/09/reports-of-sexual-assaults-spike-at-military-academies/21294651/?icid=maing-fluid%7Camp-bon%7Cdl1%7Csec1_lnk2%26plid%3D-1778400184

What about when MOM is the abuser?: Female Sex Offenders - Oprah Show


It is not enough to shed tears for those who suffer the tragedy of sexual abuse, nor will much be accomplished nurturing hatred and devising punishments for those who sexually abuse. Only by sharing knowledge, providing training, exchanging ideas, and challenging traditional beliefs and biases can we respond effectively to sexual victimization. - Jan Hindman

In preparation for the Oprah show on Monday 2/15/10 I wanted to do a quick post of some information and hopefully the show will touch on some of this:

  • Approximately 95% of all youth reporting staff sexual misconduct said they had been victimized by female staff. In 2008, 42% of staff in state juvenile facilities were female. (Bureau of Justice Report)
  • One in six adult men reported being sexually molested as children, and -- in a surprise finding -- nearly 40 percent of the perpetrators were female, a new study found. (Source Link
  • In a study of 17,337 survivors of childhood sexual abuse, 23% had a female-only perpetrator and 22% had both male and female perpetrators. ( Dube, Shanta R et al. “Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse by Gender of Victim.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine. (2005):28(5), p 430 – 438.)
  • According to a major 2004 study commissioned by the U.S. Department of Education - In studies that ask students about offenders, sex differences are less than in adult reports. The 2000 AAUW data indicate that 57.2 percent of all students report a male offender and 42.4 percent a female offender with the Cameron et al. study reporting nearly identical proportions as the 2000 AAUW data (57 percent male offenders vs. 43 percent female offenders).. (Source .PDF Download)

Dr. Christine Hatchard of MDSA states the following on her site:

In our society, mothers are automatically given special status, and certain characteristics, such as “nurturing, caring, protective” are attributed to them. The truth is, at her core, a mother is a woman and a human being, and like any other human being, is capable of the same range of violence, hate and autonomous behavior. To view women or mothers any differently, is to not realize their full potential as human beings, for better or for worse.

Those are just a few pieces of information that show this problem is not so "rare" as some claim. Finally for those interested there is a documentary that was done in 2002 titled "When Girls Do It":

When Girls Do It Directed by Glynis Whiting, Produced by Maureen Prentice and Glynis Whiting, Whiting Communications, 46 minutes • 2001 Available on DVD and VHS

When Girls Do It takes an unflinching look at the motivations of female sexual predators and the devastating effects on their victims. This documentary reveals the human reality behind sexual abuse by women; healing those who have survived abuse, treating female offenders and preventing countless other children from becoming victims. Featuring powerful interviews and compelling testimony, it shows how important it is to acknowledge the enormity of female sexual offenses, and encourages victims to speak out against this devastating crime.
Source: whataboutwhenmomistheabuser.blogspot.com/2010/02/female-sex-offenders-oprah-show.html

Mother-Son sexual abuse


This is the follow up to the Mother-Daughter sexual abuse post. I started off doing these because of a communication I had with a reader. In talking he gave me permission to print (he read it before it appeared here) some of his story in hopes that other men will benefit from his speaking out. So I am summarizing and paraphrasing some of what he has told me. I am calling him Joe though that is not his name:
Joe was raised by a single mother and never knew who his biological father was or is. For most of his childhood things seemed to be "normal" to him. His mother appeared to have a lot of short term boyfriends but other than that things seemed fine. The sexual abuse by his mother did not begin until he was about 12 years old and started to enter puberty. That is when his life changed and his life became a nightmare of abuse and secrecy.
Joe told me that he felt trapped with no one to turn to for help. Joe did not think anyone would believe him even if he did tell someone and he was full of shame and guilt and secretly thought that this was all his fault and he had somehow caused his mother to be this way towards him.

Joe talked about hating himself and feeling horrible guilt around the fact that he felt hurt and betrayed by his mother but at the same time felt a close bond and love for his mother. Joe said that he felt like he must be crazy, that he must not really be a "man" because of the way he felt. Joe then added something that he said he has only told his wife. Joe stated what made it even more difficult was that when his mother would do sexual things with him his body responded and some of the things they did physically felt very good. He said that this was one of the most painful aspects still to try to come to terms with. How could I enjoy being sexual with my own mother he says he often asked himself and berated himself mentally about. Joe said that this part was "proof" to him that it was his doing and his fault. At least that is how he thought for many years and he admits to still thinking that sometimes.

Another issue that Joe described as being a very painful part of his abuse was his friends. Mainly his male friends. As a teen boy with teen friends he said he felt tormented anytime his mother was mentioned or appeared and so he tried to make sure no one ever saw her or knew she was his mother. Why? Because Joe said his mother was very attractive. Model attractive is how he described her. Joe said when his teen friends would see her they would make comments about how attractive she was and how "lucky" Joe was to have so a good looking mother and then the sexual comments would sometimes start along with teasing Joe. Little did they know that Joe was being sexually abused by his mother.

Joe also described the effect that his mothers looks had on people. He said that because she was so attractive she was able to use this to her advantage. She had numerous "boyfriends" as she would use them up and toss them away. She also did the same with her female friends and Joe related that she had as many "girlfriends" as she did boyfriends. Other people were just objects to be used by her to obtain what she wanted. This included Joe. Joe was able to escape from her when he moved out at 20 and he felt guilty for leaving and guilty for staying so long. Nothing he did seemed to be the right thing to do in his mind. That was over 3 decades ago. Joe was able to come to terms and seek help later in his life. Joe says he still is haunted by the memory and has to fight the guilt he feels over cutting off all contact with his mother, to the point where he does not know where she is or if she is even alive or dead.

There was a lot more I could have posted but what is there serves as a good example for this topic. Joe waited over 30 years before finally being able to seek help. Joe is not an isolated case as the rest of this post will show.

I found a recent article from the Vancouver Sun, Gerry Bellett , Canwest News Service, Tuesday, May 27, 2008 that I think very much needs reposting here:

3 in 4 B.C. boys on street sexually exploited by women
Canada's largest study into the sexual exploitation of street kids and runaways has shattered some myths about who the abusers might be - with the most surprising finding being that many are women seeking sex with young males.

"Some youth in each gender were exploited by women with more than three out of four (79 per cent) sexually exploited males reporting exchanging sex for money or goods with a female," said Elizabeth Saewyc, associate professor of nursing at the University of British Columbia and principal investigator for the study conducted by Vancouver's McCreary Centre Society.

"I must admit it wasn't something we were expecting."

The results were drawn from interviews with 1,845 youth - some as young as 12 - in surveys taken across the province between 2000 and 2006.

The stereotypical model of the child being abused - a teenage female being sexually abused by a male - was wrong, said Saewyc.

Sexual exploitation is defined as youth under 19 trading sexual activities for money, drugs, gifts, food, services, shelter, transportation or anything similar.

This can include work in brothels, escort services, pornography and Internet sex but it also includes what's described as "survival sex," where a child provides sex in exchange for a place to sleep, a meal or a ride.

It found one in every three of children living on the street have been sexually abused although many didn't seem aware that they had been exploited, said Saewyc.

"It's a shocking number. The law is clear: any adult who has sex with children for any form of consideration is exploiting them and it's illegal," she said.

The study found 94 per cent of females reported they had been sexually exploited by men.

But the study found that young males were being preyed upon by sexual predators of both sexes, yet the social systems in place to deter and prevent sexual predation were only designed to help females and the criminal justice system wasn't concerned with what was happening to young males.

"Women seeking young men and boys offer transportation or other things and some go to nightclubs and bars where they can pick up under-age youth. And a certain percentage have been picked up by couples," she said.

Saewyc said it was indicative of the prevailing myths about sexual abuse that the rehabilitation program for persons arrested by police for attempting to buy sexual favours on the street was called "John School".

"I think it's time we had a Jane School. There should be an equal opportunity school for women predators," she said.

"Part of the challenge is that young males are not seen as being exploited because they are not coming to the attention of the police and the police aren't out there picking up the perpetrators. The system is set up to handle the sexual exploitation of young women, not young men," she said.

Community research associate Jayson Anderson said most of the programs to deal with sexual exploitation were designed by women for women. "There's really nothing out there for males. So we need programs for young boys," he said.

I wanted to post that article because it is recent. A lot of the materials I have found on this subject are often older, from the 80's and 90's. It also was a study that was not looking at or for female abusers specifically.

Kali Munro in her article Male Sexual Abuse Victims of Female Perpetrators: Society's Betrayal of Boys states this:

The reality that boys are sexually abused by women is not widely accepted. Some people view it as an impossible act - that a male can’t be sexually assaulted by a female - and others view it as sexually titillating. The existence of female perpetrators and male victims confronts many of our most firmly held beliefs about women, men, sexuality, power, and sexual assault. It challenges our very notions about what sex is.

It is common to see/hear people make comments like "he was lucky" or "I wish I had that happen to me when I was his age" and various other ones that run along the same sexist line. A 30 year old woman who is with a 14 year old boy is called "having sex" or an "affair" by many, even the media. Yet if it is a 30 year old man with a 14 year old girl he is called a child molester, pervert, pedophile etc. This double standard makes it all that much harder for male victims to speak up.

As Kali further states in her article:

If a female initiates sexual contact with a male, this is viewed as a rare and exciting opportunity that no man should let pass by; he should be grateful.

Given these commonly held beliefs, many people see nothing wrong with a woman pursuing a boy sexually. In fact, in some circles it is considered a good way to introduce boys to heterosexuality. Some fathers take their young sons to prostitutes with the mistaken belief that it is “good” for them. A number of movies, stories, jokes, and fantasies portray older women sexually “seducing” young boys in positive terms.

That is how it is viewed by many people. Want to get a lively discussion going ask someone what they think about a 14 year old girl being with a 30 year old male and then switch it. I am always amazed at how many people have no issue with the double standard. Things are slowly starting to change, very slowly, on this issue. We see more and more female teachers who have been caught abusing their students.

Most of what was said in the Mother-Daughter Sexual Abuse posting can be applied here as well and because of that I am not going to re-post all the material from that post but rather urge people to read it as well.

I must say that I find the article that Kali Munro did to be well done. In the article Male Sexual Abuse Victims of Female Perpetrators: Society's Betrayal of Boys she goes on to relate this:

Sadly, many men who were sexually abused by women are locked in silence, shame, and self-loathing. Society tells them that not only was their experience not abuse, but that they should have enjoyed it, and if they didn’t there must be something terribly wrong with them.

Even when their experiences are recognized as abuse, they may be viewed as having been “weak” or “not man enough” because they were unable to stop it, defend themselves, or put it behind them.

The myth that men can’t be victimized particularly by women is firmly entrenched in many cultures. Many men who dare acknowledge that they were sexually abused by women are cruelly laughed at and humiliated. Most do not dare say a word about it for fear of feeling any more ashamed than they already feel.

Many men who were sexually abused by women feel deeply ashamed of themselves, their sexuality, and their gender. Sadly and mistakenly, they believe that there must be something profoundly wrong with them that they were abused in this way. Some men defend against feeling this way by being in a constant state of anger or rage - one of the few emotions that are socially acceptable for men. Many male survivors cope with the abuse by drinking, using drugs, living recklessly, avoiding intimate relationships, numbing their feelings, dissociating, and becoming depressed, anxious or angry.

And consider this from the Canadian Children's Rights Council:

Finally, there is an alarmingly high rate of sexual abuse by females in the backgrounds of rapists, sex offenders and sexually aggressive men - 59% (Petrovich and Templer, 1984), 66% (Groth, 1979) and 80% (Briere and Smiljanich, 1993).

There is another older article that people can download and distribute. It is called "The Invisible Boy:Revisioning the Victimization of Male Children and Teens" From Health Canada, National Clearinghouse on Family Violence and if you click the link you can get the .PDF file. Here are some portions of that article:

Despite the fact that over 300 books and articles on male victims have been published in the last 25 to 30 years, boys and teen males remain on the periphery of the discourse on child abuse. Few workshops about males can be found at most child abuse conferences and there are no specialized training programs for clinicians. Male-centred assessment is all but non-existent and treatment programs are rare. If we are talking about adult males, the problem is even greater. A sad example of this was witnessed recently in Toronto. After a broadcast of The Boys of St. Vincent, a film about the abuse of boys in a church-run orphanage, the Kids' Help Phone received over 1 000 calls from distraught adult male survivors of childhood sexual abuse. It is tragic in a way no words can capture that these men had no place to turn to other than a children's crisis line.

This is still true more than a decade later. If you are a man call a domestic violence shelter and ask them for help see what kind of resources are available for you and what kind of response you get from them. Call an abuse hot line and ask for specialized help for a man who has been abused by a woman. In many places in this country there is no help and no resources to deal with this.

The language we use in the current discourse on violence and abuse masks, minimizes or renders invisible certain realities for male victims. Terms such as "family violence" have become co-terminus with "violence toward women," particularly on the part of husbands, fathers or other adult male figures. Male teens, boys, male seniors, male victims of sibling-on-sibling violence and female abusers disappear in this term.

This still occurs a decade later and reflects what I was discussing earlier. A 14 year old boy is having "sex" with a 30 year old woman and it was "consensual". For example this sentence from a newspaper report about a 40 year old woman convicted of sexually abusing a 15 year old boy she was hired to babysit "The almost year-long relationship continued even after Ms. Collins and her family moved to Moncton in September 2004." Relationship? The woman was given a 2 year sentence and served it in the community. Do you think a male offender who was babysitting a 15 year old girl and had sexually abused her in excess of 100 times would have gotten such a sentence? The stereotypes about women and mothers creeps into almost every aspect of how we perceive this issue.

Now this next part is a piece that I have talked about and is something I have not only witnessed but experienced:

Male victims report great pain, frustration and some anger at not seeing their stories reflected in the public discourse on violence and abuse. Several large-scale Canadian studies about interpersonal violence conducted in the past several years have reported the findings pertaining to only female victims. Many academic papers written about victims of violence purport to be "balanced," yet typically bring only a faint male "voice" to the analysis. From a conceptual standpoint, many also make the mistake of accepting and using, uncritically, a woman-centred-only model of victimization. Male victims also find much of this work dehumanizing and dismissive of their experiences. They feel many writers and thinkers in the field have delineated the boundaries of the discourse on violence and abuse - boundaries that leave males out.

Male victims frequently find that therapists, counsellors or other types of caregivers trained with female-centred models of victimization are unable to help them. Consequently, they are likely to simply abandon therapy, leaving unexplored many of the issues relating to their victimization experience and to their deeper healing.

Male victims, like female victims before them, have encountered their share of critics and detractors, people who refuse to believe them, ignore prevalence statistics, minimize the impact of abuse, appropriate and deny males a voice, or dismiss male victimization as a "red herring." When prevalence statistics are given for male victimization, it is common to hear the response that the vast majority of abusers of males are other males, a belief which is simply not true. This comment is usually intended to frame male victimization as a "male problem." It is also insensitive and perceived by male survivors as being victim-blaming. While challenges and criticisms to concepts and theories are valid, and an important part of the evolution and development of any field, denial, minimization and silencing is harmful, abusive and damaging to any victim.

I can say that this is the part that upsets me as much as anything else that happened and it still upsets me to this day.

Male victims walk a fine line between wanting to be heard and validated, to be supportive of female victims and to be pro-woman, while challenging assumptions they feel are biased stereotypes. Their challenges to some of these stereotypes are often met with accusations that they are misogynists, part of a "backlash" against feminism, or have a hidden agenda to undermine women's gains. If any of these accusations are true, they must be confronted by all of us. But if they are based only on the fear that recognition of males as victims will threaten women's gains, then that is the issue we should be discussing right up front, not minimizing male victims' experiences in a competition to prove who has been harmed the most. Nonetheless, it is important for all of us to recognize that it may be difficult for many women to listen to male victims' stories until they feel safe in this regard.

Sadly, male victims and their advocates risk a lot to challenge the status quo and experience much pressure to remain silent. It is ironic that the pressure males feel to remain silent replicates, at a social level, the same patterns of silencing, denial and minimization they experienced at the hands of their offenders. If we do not face the fact that we need to heal the "gendered wounds" of both women and men, then we will compromise the search for gender peace.

Finally, and perhaps the most important reason to re-vision our understanding, is because men and teen males are not, in any substantial way, joining women in the struggle to end all forms of interpersonal-violence. Part of the reason for this may be because males do not see their own stories reflected in public discussions about violence and abuse. If one were to rely solely on the media to convey the male experience, few stories would be known beyond the more sensational cases involving several church-run orphanages or provincial training schools. It is not uncommon to hear male students express resentment toward high school anti-violence curricula that presumes them to be abusers, harassers, rapists and sexual assaulters in waiting. Indeed, it is difficult to feel part of a collective social movement against violence when one's own experiences are dismissed, excluded or minimized. It is evident from even a casual review of this material that much of it contains biased stereotypes and unchallenged assumptions about "male anger," "male aggression" and "male sexuality." All too often, these writers take as a starting point a caricature of the worst imaginable elements of "masculinity" and assume it applies to all male persons.

I concur fully with the above statement. I remember feeling this way myself when I was younger. I vividly remember being quite upset about the whole domestic violence/sexual abuse trainings and seminars I attended when I was younger. I could not understand why the double standard existed. Why minimize or discount one group's pain and suffering while teaching about another groups pain and suffering? I also have seen something that is not mentioned much but I will mention it here. I have experienced men and women who are bitter against the opposite sex because of their experiences and this colors their every interaction.

This is even more of an issue for male victims. When boys are victimized, they tend to be seen as less in need of care and support (Watkins and Bentovim, 1992). They are also blamed more for their abuse (Burgess, 1985; Broussard and Wagner, 1988; Whatley and Riggio, 1993) and their offenders are held less accountable (Burgess, 1985). In one of the most troubling studies, Pierce and Pierce (1985) found that male victims, despite being subjected to more invasive types of abuse and more types of sexual acts than female victims, were 5 times less likely to be removed from their homes.

This piece from that article will hopefully shock some people. We in no way should deny or minimize what has happened to millions of women and girls. But we do need to also focus on male victims and give them the same respect and treatment options.

Males, generally, have more permission to be sexual persons in our society. A double standard of morality has been applied to males and female for centuries. The fact that there are no "positive" or flattering terms such as "sowing his wild oats," "boys will be boys" or "ladies man" for females gives vivid illustration to this point. It is generally assumed that having "licence" to be a sexual person is an advantage. Males are seen to get power from obtaining or taking sex, women from withholding sex.

However, sexual licence has serious consequences for male victims. It increases a boy's susceptibility to sexual abuse by promoting or encouraging participation in sexual activities. It promotes secrecy because boys are afraid to report sexual experiences that go wrong for fear they are responsible and blameworthy. It affects our perceptions as professional caregivers, encourages victim blaming and supports minimization of the impact on victims of male-on-male sexual assault or female-perpetrated sexual assault. It causes males to expect female sexual contact. It promotes risk-taking sexual behaviour and creates expectations for males that they must be the initiators of sex and have sexual knowledge and experience.

When I write these posts I generally have one idea in mind and almost always end up rambling on and hopefully not losing people to much. I want to look at a few more pieces from that publication. It is an older publiciation but much of what is in it is still very much true today. If noting else in this post made sense I hope that the folllowing will. I wholeheartedly agree with what they have to say:

Our minimization and denial of male victimization so permeates our culture that it is in evidence everywhere from nursery rhymes, comic strips, comedy films, television programs and newspaper stories to academic research. We give male victims a message every day of their lives that they risk much by complaining.

Stated succinctly, if a male is victimized he deserved it, asked for it, or is lying. If he is injured, it is his own fault. If he cries or complains, we will not take him seriously or condone his "whining" because he is supposed to "take it like a man." We will laugh at him. We will support him in the minimization of its impact. We will encourage him to accept responsibility for being victimized and teach him to ignore any feelings associated with his abuse. We will guilt and shame him to keep a stiff upper lip so he can "get on with it."

When we give a message to boys and young men in any shape or form that their experience of violence and victimization is less important than that of girls and young women, we are teaching them a lesson about their value as persons. We also teach them that the use of violence toward males is legitimate. When we dismiss their pain, we do little to encourage boys and young men to listen to, and take seriously, women's concerns about violence and victimization. When we diminish their experience or fail to hold their male and female abusers fully accountable, we support their continued victimization.

How Would Things Be Different if We Acknowledged Male Victims?
How would our society be different if we recognized and supported male victims? We would have to acknowledge how gender role conditioning denies boys a rich emotional life and cuts them off from whole parts of their essential selves. We would begin to understand how child-rearing practices in the form of emotional and physical withdrawal from sons "to toughen them up" early in their lives compromises their ability to form secure and nurturing attachments. We would begin to see how male gender itself is a risk factor that can magnify the effects of all forms of abuse and channel it in violent, aggressive and reckless acts directed toward the self or others. We would finally acknowledge the overwhelming research evidence concerning the amount of physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological maltreatment, neglect and corporal punishment of male children and teens by females, without minimization.

We would have to recognize that if there is a male gender dimension to many forms of overtly expressed violence, its causes need to be linked to the routine and normalized violence toward males prevalent in our society, violence in the form of child abuse and neglect, psychological maltreatment, corporal punishment and male-gender role socialization. We would finally realize that all the forms of violence toward boys and teen males discussed in this document are the common everyday lived experience of most males rather than the exception. We would no longer tolerate humorous or entertaining media images of males or females as victims of violence or biased journalism that fails to report the whole picture of child abuse and neglect and interpersonal, family and community violence.

We would recognize that regardless of our own theoretical starting points, male victims have their own voice, their own meanings for their experiences. If we remain ignorant of, overlook or fail to explore their stories, we will miss much of what we need to engage them in therapy and healing. We will construct for them the origins and courses of their difficulties. We will shape and mold them to the limitations of our own personal and professional world views. We will, through the use of our professional practices, reproduce the same dysfunctional and disempowering patterns of communication and relationship many of these males found in their families of origin or the environments in which they grew up.

We would recognize that solving the complex problem of violence in our society will never be achieved until all the stories and voices of victims of violence are heard, until men and women of good will begin to work side by side, and until the means of our collective struggle toward peace reflect respect, compassion and inclusion as our minimum standard. We will recognize, finally, that means are ends. It is in the selection of our means where we are most conscious and able to make inclusive decisions about our future direction. From a postmodernist perspective, in any inclusive process of consensus building toward some goal, one cannot see the end from the starting point. Thus, if the means we choose toward the creation of a more just society are anything but, we can only arrive back where we started.

Beginning with Ourselves as Adults

Perhaps, the greatest responsibility for the plight of boys and young men lies with adults. We are the ones who conduct single-gender and biased research. We are the ones who present to the media more political opinions about male victimization than provide objective, empirically-based information. We are the ones who help maintain biased stereotypes about boys and young men that keep them trapped in their silence. We are the ones who help reinforce in the public mind an image of strong and resilient male victims who are, in truth, human beings suffering in much pain, isolation and loneliness.

Adults, especially those who work in the child abuse field, are the eyes of Canadian society in this area of human suffering. It is up to us to speak against abuse and injustice, and for compassion and inclusion. If we do not open ourselves to self-criticism, conscientiously and continually reflect on our assumptions, methods and standards of practice, or allow ourselves to become trapped in rhetoric, then it is we who will become the ones who will pose the greatest threat to the credibility of the field.

So back to Joe. Another thing he mentioned was that he was reluctant to talk to anyone about this because one of the reactions he has gotten was to be blamed and called a pervert. Because he described his abuser as "attractive" it had to be his sick fantasy or his fault. Would he have gotten the same response had he been a girl?

Lets look at this article from ABC News 20/20 called Double Standard When It Comes to Underage Sex?

Movies and television often portray having sex with an older woman as an exciting conquest. The Comedy Central show "South Park" shows police officers impressed that an elementary school student slept with an attractive teacher. One cop jokes to the another, "The crime is she isn't doing it with me!"

When one of ABC's "Desperate Housewives" slept with a high school student, all season the student was shown as a lucky guy, never as someone who Eva Longoria's character Gabrielle was sexually exploiting.

"There's definitely a double standard," said child psychologist Lisa Boesky. "Parents tend to see their girls as fragile, vulnerable, more in need of protection … When it comes to their boys, there's kind of this message of, 'Be careful out there.' They may even purchase some condoms for them, or basically tell them to be safe and don't get anybody pregnant."

But this double standard is a mistake, say many researchers, because boys are vulnerable too.

Although most boys who had sex with older women said the experience was positive, those same boys are also more likely to have emotional and sexual problems later.

"They may drink a lot, they may get into drugs, they may start seeing prostitutes, they may gamble … they may be sexually dysfunctional," said New York psychologist Dr. Richard Garner, who treats victims of sex abuse. "A whole string of things like that, none of which seem in their own mind to be related to the idea that they were sexual victims, which is very hard for a boy to say he was."

And that, he says, is why many boys say the experience was positive.

"To say I was sexually victimized is to say, 'I'm not male' and boys aren't likely to do that."

Or this article from the Seattle Times: Female sex offenders reveal cultural double standard

The decadelong wave of sexual offenses committed by women — teachers in particular have exposed a cultural double standard: The public is more willing to accept the female abuser's claim that she had a "relationship" with the victim. And in cases in which the male is a teenager, the sexual abuse is more likely to be dismissed as a rite of passage. The questionable, yet overriding assumption, is that women predators are somehow different from men.

"Men are demonized, women are diagnosed. Men are beasts, but women are troubled or mentally ill," said media scholar Matthew Felling in an interview with Fox News. In fact, accounts of women sexual offenders are often more titillating than harsh. Felling calls the news coverage of young, attractive teachers involved with their students "part crime drama, part Penthouse letter."

And if you truly want to see where our society is consider this next piece from that article (and note how the paper even says she began a "sexual relationship"):

The current awareness of women predators began with Mary K. Letourneau, a 34-year-old elementary-school teacher and a married mother of four, who in 1996 began a sexual relationship with a 12-year-old former student, Vili Fualaau. Letourneau eventually had two children with him and served more than seven years in prison. She resumed contact with Fualaau, by then an adult, after she was released. While a male offender might have been publicly shunned, Letourneau's 2005 wedding to Fualaau was covered by "Entertainment Tonight."

Think about what the reaction would be if a television show would air this if the roles were switched and it was a 34 year old male and 12 year old girl.

Female predators' crimes are often attributed to marital problems, depression, loneliness, immaturity or self-esteem issues. Letourneau was reported to have "a loveless marriage" and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder.

Not only do we look at female offenders differently, so do the offenders themselves. Women predators are more likely to see the abuse as a romantic relationship. Letourneau told CNN's Larry King that she and Fualaau had a "deep spiritual oneness" before they were ever sexual, and that she did not consider herself a sexual predator.

Go speak with a few pedophiles and they will say the same thing. They do not see themselves as a sexual predator and they "love" the children and feel they have a deep bond with them. they have a "deep bond" with them only in their own minds because they refuse to see past themselves.

Dr. Leigh Baker, a clinical psychologist in Colorado, interviewed hundreds of male and female predators for her book "Protecting Your Children From Sexual Predators." All were incarcerated at the time, and their stories help form her theory that there are four types of predators: inadequate, narcissistic, anti-social and pedophile.

An inadequate adult (and predator) has trouble forming attachments with other adults and is most comfortable with children, she says. A narcissist loves him- or herself to the detriment of others; someone who's anti-social doesn't abide by society's rules; and a pedophile is sexually aroused by children.

While some women are pedophiles and some men do profess their love for the children they sexually abuse, women are more likely to "couch it as a relationship," according to Baker. Men are more likely to be serial pedophiles; women seek that "deep spiritual oneness" that Letourneau says she found.

The traits women predators exhibit — seeing themselves as a victim, low self-esteem, a sense of inadequacy, needing to be the center of attention, putting their own need for a connection before common sense — probably place most women predators into two of Baker's four categories.

"My suspicion is if you took a large enough number of female predators, they would fall into all four types. But, we know women are less anti-social than men, and there are fewer female pedophiles, so I think most women are narcissistic or inadequate types of predators."

There are signs of the inadequate, the narcissist and the anti-social predator in Letourneau. She formed an inappropriate bond with a 12-year old, ignoring society's mores and the well-being of her own four children.

While I may not fully agree with Dr. Baker on everything, she does raise some good points. The article goes on to make some other good points:

To watch NBC's "To Catch A Predator" you'd think all predators are men. The series uses decoys on the Internet to lure men hoping to hook up with underage teens. Robert Weiss, executive director and founder of the Sexual Recovery Institute in Los Angeles, who provided his expertise in one of the episodes, says sexual compulsions on the Internet are male-dominated.

I wanted to make a comment on this. By not discussing or showing female offenders these type of shows only further reinforce the myths and stereotypes. Not to mention that the "predators" that are being caught are the stupid ones or the compulsive ones. The article then goes on to say this:

Then there is the ultimate double standard: The wink wink, nudge nudge, of boys getting their sexual initiation from grown women.

"Society sees it as they got 'lucky' " to receive a sexual initiation from a woman, according to Dr. Keith Kaufman, chairman of the department of psychology at Portland State University. "But their brain maturation isn't complete. Boys aren't in a position to give consent to a sexual relationship. Girls see it as abusive much more quickly. Boys won't want to see themselves as a victim."

There is a prevailing sense that boys are not harmed by sexual liaisons with older women. It's called the "Mrs. Robinson Syndrome," after the character in the 1967 film "The Graduate." But Benjamin, Mrs. Robinson's target, wasn't a child; he was in his 20s, had just graduated from college and was contemplating that career in plastics.

"We tend to see the female teacher-male student relationship as less abusive and less harmful psychologically," according to Dr. Susan G. Kornstein, a psychiatrist and director of the Institute for Women's Health and the Mood Disorders Institute at Virginia Commonwealth University. "But in fact, a sexual relationship between a female teacher and a male student can be just as harmful and can have both short- and long-term consequences on the child's emotional stability and psychological and sexual development."

Boys who have sex with grown women are anything but "lucky." "It is always abuse," says Dr. Kaufman.

My final point is that we in no way should deny or minimize what has happened to millions of women and girls. But we also need to focus on male victims and give them the same respect and treatment options.
Source: whataboutwhenmomistheabuser.blogspot.com/2008/07/mother-son-sexual-abuse.html

Current Feed Content


Woman sentenced for torture murder
While I frequently post about sexual assault cases by females I still want to post about other abuse cases. The one below is an example of just how awful a human being can act:

An Illinois judge sentenced a woman to 45 years in prison in the torture slaying of a pregnant, developmentally impaired mother, saying the beatings, scalds and gunshot wounds she suffered were unacceptible.

Females in Authority Emerging as Child Predators
I find it good to see more and more articles showing up that look at these issues: Child predators can be anywhere, and now we are learning child predators can be anyone."The conversation has come up lately because we have charged more than normal in the last several years."About a half dozen women- all in authority positions- accused of molesting the kids who trust them.

Most recently sentenced, Female Sexual Abusers not so rare
The article talks about female sexual abusers not being as rare as some might think. One of the sad things about this is that research has been going on for decades on this issue and it has been known that they are not so rare:WINDSOR, Ont. — She gave him life and was the only parent he ever knew. In the way she snapped photos of him sleeping and playing happily, she was like any other Oprah Show - Women who molest

Posted: 2010-02-21 05:24:11 UTC-05:00

On 2/15/10 Oprah ran a show about a mother who raped her children. I thought it was good that she started off by saying that we don't hear much about this but that does not mean it does not go on. As for the rest of the interview I think each person would have to decide for themselves what they thought of the show.I think the interview showed some information thatMother rapes 12 year old hundreds of times

Posted: 2010-02-19 03:27:00 UTC-05:00

This case is about a 36 year old mother who raped a 12 year old boy hundreds of times. What is even worst is that she kept a diary about each event. The reporting done on the story is awful as well and I wish they would just call it what it is, rape:U.K. - A single mother had sex with a 12-year-old boy almost 200 times - marking each encounter with a star in a sordid diary.Angela Sullivan, 36, Ex-teacher gets 7 year sentence

Posted: 2010-02-16 03:06:00 UTC-05:00

Thsi is a case of a former day care worker and teacher at a christian school. For those that think that private schools or religious schools are a safe haven think again:Missouri - A former day care worker and teacher was sentenced to seven years in prison Monday after she pleaded guilty to statutory rape and sodomy."Everyone was pleased with the outcome -- everyone on our side," said Jill Female Sex Offenders - Oprah Show

Posted: 2010-02-14 00:13:40 UTC-05:00

In preparation for the Oprah show on Monday 2/15/10 I wanted to do a quick post of some information and hopefully the show will touch on some of this:Approximately 95% of all youth reporting staff sexual misconduct said they had been victimized by female staff. In 2008, 42% of staff in state juvenile facilities were female. (Bureau of Justice Report)One in six adult men reported being sexually Oprah Show - Women who molest

Posted: 2010-02-13 03:52:58 UTC-05:00

On Monday 2/15/10 the Oprah Show has the following:Tune InIt's the side of child molestation that's rarely talked about. For years, he was raped by his own mother. What happens when women are the molesters. I am very much hoping that the show looks at this issue in an honest factual way rather than how many media stories do. Dr. Christine Hatchard of MDSA (Making Daughters Safe Again) has the Woman sentenced for rape of child

Posted: 2010-02-12 02:59:00 UTC-05:00

This case has a heading on the story that I wish more papers would use. It states "Woman who raped boy..." and that is how it should read. Sadly in the first sentence it then says "A Wheatfield woman who had a sexual relationship with an adolescent boy...". The comments from the victims mother and the assisstant DA are interesting and I am happy they printed them:LOCKPORT — A Wheatfield woman Oprah Show looking for people who had been sexually abused by a Female

Posted: 2010-02-11 07:36:16 UTC-05:00

It looks like the Oprah show may finally do a show about Female Sex Offenders and their victims. The Oprah show is looking for:When you were a child, were you sexually abused by an adult female? The Oprah Show is looking for adults who are willing to discuss the sexual abuse they suffered at the hands of a mother, aunt, family friend or other female in your life. How did the sexual abuse start Woman sentenced for sexually abusing her 2 year old

Posted: 2010-02-09 02:48:01 UTC-05:00

This article is about a woman sentenced to prison for sexually abusing her 2 year old son and broadcasting it live on the internet while doing so. A horrible case:Canada - A Windsor-area mother who sexually assaulted her two-year-old son live on the Internet was sentenced to more than three years in prison yesterday after an Ontario court judge took the rare step of rejecting a shorter sentence Teacher sentenced

Posted: 2010-02-05 05:44:00 UTC-05:00

The article below is about a teacher that was sentenced to 20 years for her actions against a 13 year old student. What really irks me is the title of the article where it says "sentenced to 20 years for seducing 13-year old student". Why is it so hard for these places to just label it what it is and that is sexual assault.BOISE, Idaho - (CBS) Ashley Jo Beach expressed her remorse and apologized Follow up on torture case

Posted: 2010-02-02 05:35:00 UTC-05:00

Previously I posted about a case where a mother was accused of torturing her son. You can read the previous post HERE.Some of the excerpts from that previous post are:Investigators allege she put her 2-and-a-half-year-old son Zachary in boiling water on Oct. 20, according to court papers, causing second- and third-degree burns on his buttocks and scrotum. Those burns prompted the child abuse and Bureau of Justice Report - Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities

Posted: 2010-01-29 04:07:00 UTC-05:00

The Bureau of Justice has released a special report on sexual victimization in juvenile facilities. When many people think prisons or correctional facilities and inmates being sexually victimized they think of inmates being the main cause as well as males being the ones doing so. Two key points from the report are these:That the majority of sexual victimization reported by youth in juvenile Female Sex Offenders and their victims- Reference materials and scholarly papers

Posted: 2010-02-27 02:46:59 UTC-05:00

Below is a listing of various research studies, articles, and publications about the issue of female offenders and their victims. I am hoping to maintain this list and add to it as I find more studies. I would ask ask that if anyone has some material that is not listed to please feel free to send it to me or post it in the comments section of this post and I will add it.PLEASE CLICK HERE TO GO TOMother gets 8 years for sexually abusing son's

Posted: 2010-01-15 09:58:00 UTC-05:00

This article below demonstrates not just that this happens but also the horrible mindset of the offender when she comments " it wasn’t forced. It was consensual":Mother who sexually abused sons gets 8 years in prisonBeersheba District Court finds 40-year-old woman guilty of sexually abusing two of her eight children; says 'acts were grave and enough to leave a permanent scar on a child's Female Sex Offender - victim story

Posted: 2010-01-12 06:01:00 UTC-05:00

The article below highlights many of the issues that victims of female offenders go through:Campaigner reveals how she was sexually abused by her own motherArticle from The Sun (UK)But for Susannah Faithfull it also brought back horrific memories of abuse she herself suffered - at the hands of her own MOTHER.Mum-of-two Susannah, 54, who was subjected to years of depraved attacks, runs a therapy Girl offenders

Posted: 2010-01-08 01:58:00 UTC-05:00

While most of the articles on here are about women it does not mean that girls are not also abusers. This story below is one such example:Judge sentences teenage girls, calls them 'child monsters'By SARAH BURGETwo teenage girls convicted of murdering a Lake Elsinore mother so they could steal her car and go to Knott's Berry Farm received lengthy prison sentences Friday along with harsh words fromFemale Offenders online

Posted: 2010-01-05 01:09:00 UTC-05:00

This article below talks about an another area that is almost never talked about when the discussion comes around to the internet and sexual predators:Women go online to share child sex-abuse fantasiesBy Nina LakhaniDays before three women are to be sentenced, an IoS investigation suggests thousands may share their interestsThousands of women appear to be using the internet to share sexual Female Pedophile Sentenced

Posted: 2010-01-01 02:37:00 UTC-05:00

In the article below we get to read some of the comments from the convicted and from the victims families:Sheila Granger, 33, of Henryville and a New Albany hair dresser, was sentenced on Thursday to a total of 60 years in prison for molesting two juvenile boys from August 2007 to August 2008. (victims were age 11).Clark County Superior Court No. 1 Judge Vicki Carmichael handed down the verdict Moral Courage

Posted: 2009-12-29 01:31:00 UTC-05:00

I recently had an experience that I wanted to blog about for my last post of this year. The experience got me to thinking about Moral Courage and how rare it often is. I try not to comment to much as my lack of writing skills becomes glaringly obvious when I do. But I think if more people would stand up and show moral courage in the new year we would have much less of the issues this blog has Video - Female Sexual Abuse of Children

Posted: 2009-12-27 08:06:43 UTC-05:00

This is part 4 of the BBC program Panorama:Video - Female Sexual Abuse of Children

Posted: 2009-12-27 08:06:24 UTC-05:00

This is part 3 of the BBC program Panorama:Video - Female Sexual Abuse of Children

Posted: 2009-12-27 08:06:04 UTC-05:00

This is part 2 of the BBC program Panorama:Video - BBC program

Posted: 2010-02-27 06:27:18 UTC-05:00

This is the start of a 4 part series of videos of the BBC program Panorama from 1997. The written transcripts of this program are else where on this blog and I wanted to add the videosPart 1 -

Source: http://feeds2.feedburner.com/WhatAboutWhenMomIsTheAbuser

Sexual Battery?


Caution: The following may contain language and thoughts that you might think are just not PC (politically correct). Well, skip this then. A sexist story by Scott Winokur titled, "New Wave of litigation expands women's rights to the bedroom" in the San Francisco Chronicle story and goes on to talk about a woman who received herpes simplex type 2 from her lover. She sued for sexual battery, negligent misrepresentation and intentional infliction of emotional stress. The article went on to cover chlamydia, papilloma virus, gonorrhea and syphilis (genital warts, yeast infection, etc.) What it neglected to say was that, chances are, the man got the infection from a woman. Isn't that interesting. Now, he probably won't sue her because men seldom go after women for money. I received herpes simplex type 2 from a professional woman who I later found out had the virus. She didn't inform my before we had sex, and claimed she couldn't have given it to me. Since I wasn't having sex with anyone else, I could have gotten it from stress. But, I doubt it. And, condoms didn't prevent it. It appears at the base of the penis in the same location as it appeared on her vagina. As the headline denotes, the way the law looks at it is that it's a woman's right to sue for receiving, but don't dare sue her if you're a man and a recipient! And women wonder why it's so hard for many men to trust them. But, if I become famous, you'll write a book about our private life, our sexual life, what will they think of next? And you want me to commit? Commitment is an "I lose, you win" word. One of the interesting lines in the story was very telling. Saying that Sexual Harassment cases became big because plaintiffs could get big awards from deep-pocket corporations, it goes on to say "But in STD cases, the sole source of recovery is the individual defendant, whose vulnerability to being sued is grater depending on HIS assets..." (Capitalization is mine.) What about HER assets? Another case in law, like domestic violence, stalking, visitation, sexual harassment, statutory rape, where, if the man is the victim, for the most part, those are the breaks. The law, the police, social services, you name it, just aren't there. It goes on to say that "The perfect defendant...is "independently wealthy, often times married with a family, eager to keep the matter confidential and willing to spend big bucks." Sort of a case of legal blackmail, wouldn't you say. However, "The prospect of getting a limited financial recovery or none at all from men of lesser means - while serving as a reality check on the hopes of sexually damaged women - hasn't halted their determined march to the courtroom." Continuing the "he" story, "...it may be difficult to prove the prospective defendant actually had the disease because HIS medical records may be unobtainable." "... it doesn't necessarily follow that HE was the partner who infected the plaintiff." "Moreover, a jury may be likely to think that an STD victim...'takes HER chances'." Women AND men are victims in the area of STD's. We get them from each other. Just another example of the law keeping women victims once again.

For the record: Est. annual newly diagnosed cases of STDs in the U.S. Chlamydia 4 million, human papilloma virus 500M-1 mil, gonorrhea 800M, genital herpes 200M-500M, syphilis 100M, AIDS 90M, hepatitis B 53M. SOURCE: Federal Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 1994

How Often Does Child Sexual Abuse Get Reported?


Not nearly as often as it should. Most child abuse victims never report the crime or get help in coming to grips with this life-changing trauma. They move into adulthood with a broken heart and low self esteem. Much misbehavior and acting out can be traced to an incident which occurred which left the child feeling confused, betrayed and angry.

In an attempt to cope with the confusing reality of what has happened to them, many children develop survival skills or behaviors that will help them to cover up what they are really feeling. Families, friends and society sometimes see and judge the problem behavior when it is actually a symptom of the internal pain which has never been addressed.

The number of reports is rising each year due to mandatory reporting laws, better public education and greater public awareness of the problem. Over the last 30 years many key developments in law enforcement have made it easier to deal with victims and their families with greater understanding, making it easier for them to come forward and ask for help.

In the Commonwealth Fund Survey of the Health of Adolescent Girls, they found that of sexually abused children in grades five through twelve, 48% of the boys and 29% of the girls had told no one about the abuse—not even a friend or sibling. If indeed, sexual abuse happens to one in four children, yet only 1.8 cases are reported per 1,000 children you have to wonder why.

The most common reasons given by victims for not reporting these crimes to authorities:

1. They feel no one will believe them, as the perpetrator has told them repeatedly.

2. They are so consumed with self-blame and shame that it happened to them.

3. A parent or another adult believes them, but doesn’t want to involve outside parties. They feel it is a private matter and they will just keep the child away from the individual who was hurting them, so as not to disturb the family unit or community.

4. The child or the family is afraid of reprisal from the assailant.

There is always hope and assistance for recovery:

Even if your child or you made a decision to not report it at the time abuse happened, there are so many different methods and techniques to help you heal and gain greater understanding of what has happened to you or your child. No one deserves to suffer from painful memories. Healing is possible no matter how long ago the abuse took place. There is help, guidance and tools available to assist both victims and perpetrators overcome painful pasts and look forward to a future full of hope and promise.

Every state has a child-protection agency that is responsible for investigating sexual-abuse complaints. Any incident, or suspected incident, should be reported to this agency and to the police. Go with the child and then refrain from talking about the incident in front of people who really don’t need to know. When you report it to the police, ask for an officer trained in dealing with children and ask for a private place to discuss the situation. Children are usually a little bit more open with someone who does not remind them of the perpetrator. Stay with your child and support him/her as they answer questions.

What should a parent do:

Tell them again and again, that they are not at fault. Reiterate that it is the job of adults to protect children, not hurt them. Reassure them that you believe them and will support their efforts and those of the police in seeing this never happens to another child. Most offenders molest more than one child; especially in cases of incest. Breaking the silence and reporting the perpetrator to the authorities or a trusted adult will protect other children. Be sure to tell your child it takes courage to speak out when things are wrong, and you are proud of them for stepping forward.
Source: By Judy H. Wright, ezinearticles.com/?expert=Judy_H._Wright

FBI Discounts Male Rape


Outdated Definition Used by FBI is a Source of Injustice, Jane Eisner. About eight times a day, a man, woman or child is forcibly raped in Pennsylvania. Or, more precisely, is reported to have been raped, this being the least reported of crimes.

From the State Police's bureau of research and development we know that nearly 10 percent of the more than 3,000 reported victims of rape in 1999 were male. Most were under 18; 90 were 10 and younger.

Adolescent boys. Vulnerable boys. Boys who likely will drag the scars of that experience with them as they stumble toward adulthood, just as surely as their unfortunate sisters who were sexually assaulted. Rape isn't about sex. It's about the dehumanizing abuse of power and privacy.

Except in the eyes of the FBI.

For reasons both sexist and bureaucratic, the FBI continues to employ a narrow, anachronistic definition of rape in what is known as the Uniform Crime Report (UCR), the annual compilation of national crime statistics. Rape simply is "the carnal knowledge of a female, forcibly and against her will."

All the variations of rape outside that definition - rape of males, rape committed against the victim's will but without force, statutory rape - are downgraded in the UCR to a lesser, less-reported category of crime. As a result, says Carol E. Tracy of the Women's Law Project in Philadelphia, "the public at large really doesn't have any idea of the extent of sex crimes in this country."

Tracy and the Law Project have begun campaigning to broaden this definition. This week, they sent draft letters to sexual-assault coalitions across the country, outlining the consequences of the problem. They hope to garner signatures and support before presenting a final argument to the FBI in mid-June.

Although she doesn't hold out much hope that the FBI will act quickly, criminologist Jane Siegel says many of her peers consider the UCR definition woefully inadequate. "This is not just semantics, it's a significant issue," says Siegel, assistant professor of criminal justice at Rutgers University in Camden.

"It continues to reinforce the image of rape as that specific act defined in the UCR," she says. "If the police don't believe a woman was raped if she wasn't beaten, it makes the task of sensitizing the police all the more difficult."

It has also created anomalies within the UCR. Rape data from Illinois are not included in the UCR, for instance, because that state refuses to adhere to the FBI's narrow definition and reports all rapes as rapes.

Let it be said that this is an issue of reporting, not prosecution. In Pennsylvania and most other states, rape is more broadly defined and gender-neutral - which is why Harrisburg records both male and female victims. But Tracy argues that the narrower FBI definition sends a dampening message to police departments: These other sorts of rape aren't as significant. They're not worth quick responses or aggressive investigation.

Maybe they're not really rape.

The injustice of this message is staggering. A recent federal report found that 31 percent of victims of sexual assault under age 6 were male. Yet the FBI would count sexual assaults on those boy-victims as Other Sex Crimes, a less important category reported only when an arrest has been made.

The UCR also lumps rapes committed by blood relatives in that lesser category, and rapes in which there is no evidence of physical force. Do we really expect that the most vulnerable of victims - children, and the mentally or physically disabled - are able to resist sexual assault? Why should the crimes against them be discounted simply because these victims have no physical bruises?

This is hardly the first time the UCR has been criticized. In the 1980s, the FBI included a broader, more realistic definition of rape in a new system for gathering crime data called the National Incident- Based Reporting System. But the new system is so detailed and complex that now, more than 15 years later, it is used only in small communities. "For a department of our size," says Philadelphia Deputy Police Commissioner Charles Brennan, "it will take millions of dollars and years of time to move in that direction."

The much more sensible option, one that Brennan advocates, is to expand the UCR's definition of rape to make it more consistent with state and local law enforcement standards. Keep the old definition, too, if that helps to track trends and comparisons. But for the sake of accuracy and fairness, the UCR, now more than 70 years old, must be brought into the 21st century.

Centuries ago, rape was defined not as a crime against a person, but as a crime against property. The underlying message was clear: Women were property, to be protected from defilement from those outside the family, and men were, well, never raped.

Our concepts of sexuality, privacy and personhood have advanced since then. Time for the FBI to catch up.

Source: www.commondreams.org/views01/0510-01.htm

About Male Sexual Victimization, Richard Gartner


Concern about sexual abuse has nearly always emphasized the victimization of girls and women. This misleadingly implies that sexual abuse among boys and men is rare. Yet , as was stated in an article in the December 2, 1998 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, “the sexual abuse of boys is common, underreported, under recognized, and under treated.” The best research indicates that 17% of men were directly victimized sexually by age 16, with another 14% reporting indirect sexual abuse. Thus, approximately one in six boys experiences direct sexual contact with an adult or older child by age sixteen. Often these incidents are misconstrued as “sexual initiation” or as events for which the boy is responsible. Sexual victimization of men is likewise often unacknowledged and misunderstood.

To be identified as a sexual victim makes many boys and men question their masculinity and/or sexual orientation. The shame that accompanies such doubts silences many boys about their experiences. Yet if abuse remains unacknowledged and untreated, it may lead to such personal and societal consequences as depression, anxiety, and other mental health problems, in addition to self-destructive behaviors, substance abuse, and family dysfunction.

Prevailing myths about the sexual abuse of boys often interfere with recognizing and treating the problem. A prime example is the preconception that all abused boys become perpetrators of abuse, when in fact about three quarters of these boys never become sexual offenders. Because of the widespread belief in the myth, however, many men and boys are afraid they will become abusive and/or will be thought to be offenders should they talk about their victimization.

Another complicating myth is that boys sexually abused by men become homosexual. In fact, boys who are sexually abused may grow up to be heterosexual, gay, or bisexual. Most researchers believe that sexual orientation is rooted in factors having nothing to do with sexual victimization, and in most cases has already been well established before a boy is abused. But, while sexual abuse does not determine sexual orientation, many sexually abused boys and men become very confused or feel negatively about both their sexual orientation and their sexual functioning in general.

The aim of the National Organization on Male Sexual Victimization (NOMSV) is to educate about, advocate for, and insure proper treatment is available to sexually victimized boys and men. It is the only non-profit national organization that specifically addresses male sexual victimization. Its mission statement is: “Dedicated to a safe world, we are an organization of diverse individuals, committed through research, education, advocacy and activism to the prevention, treatment and elimination of all forms of sexual victimization of boys and men.”

Since 1988, NOMSV has held national conferences for male survivors, their significant others, and professionals who work with them. These biennial conferences include both educational and healing workshops. The next conference will be held in New York City on October, 2001.

In 1998, NOMSV also began to organize and support regional healing retreats for sexually abused men. Both the conferences and the retreats are needed resources to share practical information and ask questions as well as safe places for some men to acknowledge their own sexual victimization.

In addition, NOMSV maintains a web site www.malesurvivor.org to inform and educate about male sexual victimization. It includes bibliographies, first-person accounts, and articles about male sexual victimization.

Incorporated as a non-profit in 1995, NOMSV was granted Federal tax-exempt status in 1996. Richard B. Gartner, Ph.D, 27 West 72nd Street #708 New York, NY 10023-3498, 212-533-0345 or rgartner@richardgartner.com or www.richardgartner.com

 
Campus Rape Prevention Program Targets Men's Restrooms


Ohio State University Rape Education and Prevention Program will place several hundred rubber urinal screens in urinals across campus, custom printed with the message "You hold the power to stop rape in your hand." They say "The intent is not to single men out, but to implement a variety of innovative marketing campaigns that reach different student populations on campus," claims director Michael Scarce. We're anxiously awaiting the other innovative campaigns to the other "student populations". See Merchandise, Slide Guide, Safe Dating Guide

 

Wrongful Rape Convictions


DNA evidence proved that a Portsmouth, VA man had been mistakenly accused of rape - but not before he spent 8 1/2 months in jail and lost his job. A 12-year-old girl "positively" identified him as the attacker and his name was released to the media, but genetic evidence cleared him. He requested DNA testing immediately after arrest, but says Marjorie Taylor, the prosecutor, was not interested in pursuing the matter.

A former Sunday school teacher who spent 2 1/2 years in jail before being acquitted of molestation charges is seeking $110 million in damages from the San Diego County.

A man who spent three years in prison on a wrongful rape conviction is suing the state of California, Los Angeles County, and several other groups. The man, a nurse, was sentenced to eight years on a charge of raping a mental patient at Metropolitan State Hospital in Norwalk. He was freed after DNA testing proved him innocent. He says he has gone bankrupt and lost his home and many possessions.

The state of Maryland is giving $300,000 to a Cambridge man for the nine years he spent in prison before genetic evidence cleared him of a rape-murder charge.

The Other Side of Rape - Every Five Minutes a Man is Forcibly Rape in the U.S.


This represents over 100,000 men each year. However, this information isn't reported in government documents because, as stated in the Uniform Crime Reporting definition, the victims of forcible rape are always female. The definition "Forcible rape, as defined in the Program, is the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. Assaults or attempts to commit rape by force or threat of force are also included; however, statutory rape (without force) and other sex offenses are excluded." According to government statistics, in 1992 109,062 women were forcibly raped. The 100,000 plus men don't qualify. Be sure and see the book and video review of Awakenings. While not directly or currently effecting most of you, you've got a 1 in 5 chance of being faced with this problem. See Jailhouse Rock.

1. 2, 3. Fraternities Speak Out Against Sexual Abuse


It happened on August 13, 1985. A national fraternity (Pi Kappa Phi) made a public statement against sexual abuse (1). And, it was unanimously passed by all of its chapters. They went even further. They developed a power poster to hang on the wall of each of their fraternity houses in the nation. It is a copy of a famous print of a Greek orgy (2). And, the message was even stronger (3) with the subhead "Against her will is against the law." If other national fraternities follow suit, their would be a major reduction in sexual assaults on campus and a lot fewer young college men ending up in prison. If you are or were in a fraternity, be pro-active and insure that your brothers know the consequences of their actions. And, to work towards of positive respect for women as co-creators of the world to come.

The following is the essence of the Statement of Position on Sexual Abuse: "The members of Pi Kappa Phi Fraternity believe that the attitudes and behavior exhibited by members of the collegiate population have direct bearing on the quality of their present and future life and that there is an increased consciousness of sexual exploitation and violence and incidences thereof not just on the nation's college campuses but in society and the Greek community has stated its responsibility in leadership, scholarship, community services, human dignity and respect, Pi Kappa Phi is committed to excellence in the Greek community, and this requires us to identify and solve serious problems that prevent the growth and development of our brothers, and strives to foster an atmosphere of healthy and proper attitudes and behavior towards sex and the sex roles, and wishes that the incidences of sexual abuse (mental and physical abuse - coercion, manipulation, harassment) between the men and women of the collegiate community be halted. Therefore, be it resolved that Pi Kappa Phi fraternity will not tolerate or condone any form of sexually-abusive behavior (either physically, mentally or emotionally) on the part of any of its members, and encourages educational programming involving social and communication skills, interpersonal relationships, social problem awareness, etiquette and sex-role expectations; and will develop a reward system to recognize chapters and individuals that lead in fostering a healthy attitude towards the opposite sex."

 How do you know when "Yes" means "Yes"?


This story took place at Brown University. On that campus, women students drink but refuse to take any responsibility for their actions. In this case, she's the one that came to his room. She didn't appear to be drunk. And, she was the one who started the kissing. She's the one who starting petting. She's the one who asked him to get a condom. She talked with him for hours after they had sex and left her name and number and asked him to call before she left. But, five weeks later she claims to have no memory of the event and accused him of rape.

According to the group, Coalition Against Sexual Assault, if we think you're guilty, you're guilty. This small group of the self appointed "politically correct" activist students and teachers from CASA (which stands for "home" in Spanish - not a very safe one if you disagree with them) obviously aren't interested in the truth. Because they believe that they hold the moral position and they shout down anyone who disagrees with them. And, in this segment, when that didn't work, they pulled the cord on 20/20s recording equipment. Their music teachers agrees. He claims the background to state that this student is a lepor to this college campus.

Does this seem familiar? Some in this group say that anyone accused doesn't deserve the benefit of the doubt. Brings back images of Salem, doesn't it?. It's obvious that the Brown University campus has a dictatorship of the politically correct. The "victim" who would speak at rallies, didn't want her name used and it wasn't used in public, on television or in the campus newspaper. The same rights weren't afford the male involved. But, this isn't unusual nor the first time the Brown University campus has been a hot bed of political tourney. In the future, they'll probably blame it on the water.

How can we ever expect to bring up our girls to take responsibility for their lives when we make sure that they know that they don't have to be. Nothing is their fault. What they do when they're drunk, or depressed, or on PMS or break up with their boyfriend, whatever they do they cannot be held responsible for. What a far cry from the many cultures who bring up their daughters as responsible adults by 13, who start and maintain healthy families at 13. Who, at 13, raise their children to become responsible adults. But, at Brown University, 21 year olds aren't responsible and so blame others for their actions. And, get away with it.

The result is that men must really be aware if you're in any kind of a relationship with a woman - whether lover or spouse - No means No and only yes means yes and then only if she hasn't had anything to drink. And, even when sober, be sure she's on top. It's much more difficult to be falsely accused of rape, that way.

Has political correctness gone too far? Six year old boys are being trained not to try to kiss a girl. Nine year old brothers are taught not to poke their older sister in the butt or they'll be classified a sexual deviate. Connect this with a recent survey that showed that 35% of men 18-35 never plan to marry. With this trend growing, it's going to be interesting if the next generation of boys will have anything to do with womenc romantically. But, I guess that's what sperms banks are for.

Request


Information on services: men molested as children; men incested as children; men raped as children or adults (by a male; by a female); women molested as children; women incested as children; women raped as children or adults (by a male; by a female); partners of male incest/molestation survivors; partners of female incest/molestation survivors. (See Ritual Abuse which is often Sexual Abuse.)

 

Snippets on the Sexual Abuse of Children


The following highlights might be of interest:

  • The most recent estimate of incidence looks only at the child protection system and finds that, in 1993, there were 330,000 reports of child sexual abuse, of which 150,000 were substantiated.
  • The percentage of adults disclosing histories of sexual abuse in these studies ranges from 2% to 62% for females, and 3% to 16% for males.
  • There is no universal or uniform impact of sexual abuse. It cannot be assumed that the relative presence or absence of a give symptom or symptom complex is indicative of a sexual abuse history.
  • The extent to which a child manifests psychological problems after being sexually abused, either in the short or long term, is a function of an undetermined number of variables about the circumstances of the abuse, as well as individual and environmental factors that existed prior to or occurred subsequent to, the incidents of sexual abuse. Given that so much attention has been focused on the processes of reporting, investigation, and adjudication, it is important to know the results of these efforts and whether children have been protected. Unfortunately, very little information is available.
  • Mandatory reporting laws have greatly assisted our society in identifying and responding to child sexual abuse. However, there may be an excessive number of reports made based on weak suspicions that cannot be substantiated by investigators.
  • Each state, and indeed each locale, should look closely at the extent to which mandated reporters or other citizens are reporting incidents that are unsubstantiated.
  • Given the evolving research about children's suggestibility, caution is in order. Exaggerated claims that children, including preschool children, can never accurately report or always accurately report are not supported by the literature. Doll play is not a diagnostic test for detecting child sexual abuse; how a child uses or plays with a doll is not determinative of whether sexual abuse occurred.
  • Mental health professionals have sought to testify as experts under several different scenarios, and the courts have been divided in their response.
  • Every effort must be made not to confuse the issue of adults remembering events of childhood with the issue of children remembering events of childhood.
  • Unlike prevention efforts for other types of abuse and neglect, prevention efforts for sexual abuse have focused almost exclusively on trying to teach all children through group-based instruction about how to protect themselves from, or respond to, sexual abuse.
  • The number of reported cases of sexual abuse has risen faster in recent years than the number of reported cases of other forms of child abuse and neglect.
  • All of the observed increases in reporting could be explained simply by increased awareness and willingness to detect and disclose.
  • In adult retrospective surveys, victims of abuse indicate that no more than 10 to 30% of offenders were strangers.
  • Intrafamily perpetrators constitute less than half of the total in retrospective studies.
  • A major difference between boy victims and girl victims is that boys are less likely to be abused with the family. And, boys are more likely to be abused by females than are girls.
  • The peak vulnerability for abuse of both boys and girls occurs between the ages of 7 and 13.
  • A variety of studies document chronic self-perceptions of helplessness and hopelessness, impaired trust, self-blame and low self-esteem in abused children.
  • In children, anger is frequently expressed in behavioral problems, with abused children and adolescents displaying significantly more difficulties in this area than what is found typically in the general population.
  • Addicted survivors may respond more definitively to therapeutic or self-help interventions that reduce he abuse-related internal distress motivating chemical dependency.
  • Research and clinical observation have long suggested that child sexual abuse is associated with both initial and long-term alternations in social functioning.
  • There is no single universal or uniform impact of sexual abuse, and no certainty that any given person will develop any post traumatic responses to sexual abuse.
  • As many as one-fourth of all sexually abused children either report no initial abuse-related problems or may no longer present with demonstrable symptomatology within two years of their abuse.
  • Only 46% of the child abuse known to community professionals was reported to child protection.
  • Coordinating multi-agency interviewing of child witnesses can reduce the number of necessary interviews and avoid added trauma to the children.
  • Many in the judicial system would like to see only one victim interview. his desire is in sharp contract with the realities of child development and the disclosure of abuse statements by children.
  • Interviewers must have knowledge of cognitive and language development, and be skilled in communicating with young children.
  • Prosecution is more common for sexual abuse than for other forms of abuse. In 17% of sexual abuse cases, criminal charges are filed, compared to 1 to 3% for other types of abuse.
  • Given the developmental constraints of young children, it is often impossible to avoid suggestive questions. This need for suggestive question is the central dilemma facing interviewers.
  • Done poorly, interviews undermine the ability to protect children and raise the specter of false allegations. Done well, interviews help children reveal their memories.
  • For many children, facing the defendant is the most difficult aspect of testifying.
  • Judges have authority to protect children from harassment and intimidation and this authority applies in criminal and civil litigation.
  • Children are strong and resilient and most of them cope with testifying and move on with their lives. Indeed, with proper preparation and support, some children are empowered by testifying.
  • The public is generally unaware that trials are the exception rather than the rule. Only a small fraction of the cases that come to official attention end in trials.
  • Approximately 66% of child sexual abuse charges end in guilty pleas before trial, a proportion which is similar to that for other crimes.
  • Because of the fear and belief that sex offenders will reoffend, approximately half the states require convicted sex offenders to register with local law enforcement agencies.
  • Nearly one-fourth of the judges indicated that clinicians' opinions are seldom or never useful in child protection cases, presumably even at the dispositional stage.
  • The role conflicts between investigator and therapist are so profound that mental health professionals should avoid the investigative process altogether.
  • The legal system is intended to promote justice; the mental health system is designed to promote mental health. These goals can clash.
  • The law may inadvertently undermine or detract attention and resources away from mental health services for abused children.
  • Mental health professionals often believe that reporting suspected maltreatment disrupts treatment and, therefore, increases the risk to the child.
  • The most realistic objective for the legal system in its relationship to child victims may be to do no harm. (We hope CPS is listening.)
  • The medical profession, like so many others, is still in the infancy of its understanding of child sexual abuse and how best to deal with it.
  • Despite this increase in attention to child sexual abuse, physician training about reporting and medically evaluating suspected abuse is inconsistent.
  • While there is general acceptance that a tiered regional system is most appropriate, so far only a few states have taken action to formalize regional medical referral networks.
  • By law, the mandate to report suspected child abuse supersedes normal doctor-patient confidentiality.
  • Reporting is also hindered by most pediatricians' lack of knowledge about and inability to identify abnormalities in pediatric anogenital anatomy that might be indicative of child sexual abuse.
  • In most cases of child sexual abuse, even in those where there is independent confirmation, there will be no physical findings of the sexual abuse.
  • Examiners and researchers often use dissimilar terms to describe the same anatomic areas and physical findings.
  • Practitioners conducting medical evaluations should receive training in how to reduce stress for the child during the exam.
  • The well-intentioned purpose of child protective efforts does not prevent them from being unpleasant - and sometimes counterproductive - intrusions into family life.
  • Parental rights, moreover, can be protected without jeopardizing the safety and well-being of maltreated children.
  • Unsubstantiated rates of the current magnitude go beyond anything reasonably needed; a high rate of unsubstantiated reports should concern everyone.
  • It is important to reassure children of all ages that they are not to blame for their parents' maltreatment or for the actions taken by the authorities against their parents.
  • While the effects of sexual abuse among children are often devastating, they are not uniform. A surprising number of abused children cope, survive, and even thrive in spite of their unfortunate histories.
  • Child molesters may engage in incestuous, as well as non incestuous, abuse and may target children of both genders.
  • Juveniles may offend against their peers, against younger children, or against adults. Many of their victims may be children simply because the juvenile offender lacks the means to offend against an adult.
  • Unfortunately, controlled studies that measure the effectiveness of different types of treatment against different types of offenders are lacking.
  • In all likelihood, there is not one causative factor, but rather multiple pathways by which a person develops a sexual attraction to minors.
  • An additional problem with conviction records as a measure of recidivism is that many sexual offenses are plea bargained down to non sexual offenses.
  • A 1988 study showed a recidivism rate of 32% over four years. If incest offenders were dropped from this group, the recidivism rate rose to 40%.
  • Where in-depth treatment is available to incarcerated offenders, it is typically available to only a very small portion of the incarcerated offender population.
  • As of 1994, only the state of Washington required special certification for counselors treating sex offenders, although other states, including Texas and Wisconsin, were considering such a requirement.
  • Most agree that the prevention of child sexual abuse has not involved as broad an array of options as necessary.
  • One of the most consistent recommendations from the evaluations is the need to provide children with opportunities for role play to practice new skills such as assertiveness.
  • Among preschool participants, the more complex concepts, such as secrets and dealing with ambiguous feelings, often remain misunderstood.
  • Child sexual abuse prevention education, as an isolated strategy to prevent child sexual abuse, cannot succeed.
  • A great deal remains to be done in altering the public's perception of child sexual abuse as well as in strengthening parents' capacity to nurture their child's healthy sexual development.
  • A group in need of special, directed intervention are those adolescent males who have already exhibited behavior beyond the bounds of normal sexual curiosity or experimentation but have not yet abused younger children.
  • Social historians have analyzed the ebb and flow in this country's willingness to acknowledge and respond to the problem of child sexual abuse.
  • Because child sexual abuse stirs up strong emotions, denial, minimization, and rationalization have always played a central role in the societal response to child sexual abuse.
  • The backlash is characterized by extreme positions, lack of supporting research data, and near total rejection of the knowledge and experiences of childhood sexual abuse.
  • Valid criticism should be encouraged; it is essential to continually improving both professional and societal response to the problem of child sexual abuse.
  • At present, the public is bombarded with inaccurate and semi-accurate information, often with no real analysis or rebuttal.

Source: The Future of Children, a publication of the Center for the Future of Children, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation.


Newsbytes


Sexual Abuse Linked to Smoking in Women


A new study shows women who were sexually abused as children are nearly four-times more likely to be current smokers than women who didn't report sexual abuse.
Source: www.healthcentral.com/news/NewsFullText.cfm?id=8008095

Sex Trafficking of Minors


Ricky Martin has filmed television ads for his foundation People for Children. The spots, to be aired in the U.S. in the coming weeks, are part of a campaign against the sex-trafficking of minors.
Source: Rolling Store e-mail 6/1/04

Child Sexual Abuse Cases Harder To Track, Verify


The current priest scandal has put sexual abuse in the headlines for months, but doctors who evaluate abused children say the increased attention has done little for their beleaguered specialty.
Source: www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/23414/22002/349417.html

Childhood Sexual Abuse of Boys Tied to Psychological Problems when they become Men


Men who were sexually abused as boys or as adults often experience serious psychological consequences in later life, including an increased likelihood of trying to kill or harm themselves, a UK study suggests.

Researchers found that of nearly 2,500 men attending 18 medical practices, those with a history of sexual abuse were more likely than other men to report mental health, sexual or substance abuse problems. Among the 150 men who said they'd been sexually abused as children, 62% reported at least one such problem, as did 56% of the 69 men who said they'd been molested in adulthood--considered to be after age 16.

Dr. Michael King of Royal Free and University College Medical School in London led the study. The findings appeared in a recent issue of the British Journal of Psychiatry.

According to King's team, until recently there had been no data on how prevalent sexual abuse during adulthood is among European men, or on its psychological effects. In an earlier study, the researchers had found that nearly 3% of men in a sample of general practice patients reported being sexually molested as adults. The same was true of 18% of men seeking care at a clinic specializing in genital and urinary health.

In the current study, King's team found that, like men who'd been sexually abused as children, those who reported unwanted sexual contact in adulthood had a higher-than-average risk of sexual problems, substance abuse and "self-harm." Abuse in adulthood was particularly tied to self-harm, as was so-called consensual sexual contact with someone at least 5 years older before the age of 16--the legal age of consent in the UK.

Overall, childhood sex abuse showed the most widespread effect on long-term psychological health, with these men being twice as likely to report disorders like depression and anxiety and nearly four times as likely to have tried to kill or harm themselves.

Men who reported abuse in adulthood were about 2.5 times more likely to attempt to harm themselves compared with those with no abuse history. The risk was 70% higher than average among men who reported consensual sex with an older person before age 16.

"'Consensual' experiences in childhood and sexual molestation in adulthood are significant predictors of self-harm," according to King and his colleagues.

When men attempt to harm themselves, the researchers note, this should alert doctors to the possibility of past sexual abuse.
Source: British Journal of Psychiatry 2002;181:153-157, www.abcnews.go.com/wire/Living/reuters20020926_204.html

Teacher had sex with boy, 13


A teacher who admitted having a sexual relationship with a 13-year-old student has been sentenced to five years probation.

Pamela Diehl-Moore, 43, pleaded guilty in January to sexual assault as part of an agreement to avoid a possible three-year prison sentence.

"I really don't see the harm that was done and certainly society doesn't need to be worried," the Hackensack, New Jersey Judge Bruce Gaeta said yesterday. He ordered Diehl-Moore to continue counselling for severe depression.

The boy had just completed Diehl-Moore's seventh-grade class at Woodrow Wilson Middle School in Clifton when the six-month relationship began in the summer of 1999, authorities said.

Gaeta said the boy did not appear to suffer any psychological damage. "Maybe it was a way for him, once this happened, to satisfy his sexual needs. People mature at different ages," he said.

Diehl-Moore, a divorcee with two daughters, was suspended after her arrest last year. She has since lost her teaching licence.

Source: www.theaustralian.news.com.au/printpage/0,5942,4378908,00.html

He Didn't Ask for it Either


Have you always thought that sexual assault is only committed by men and boys against women and girls? Well, most incidents of sexual assault do happen that way...but not all of them. In fact, one out every five victims of sexual assault is a man. Source: www.teenwire.com/warehous/articles/wh_20020227p133.asp

1 in 14 Women Worldwide Has Been Sexually Assaulted


About one in 14 women worldwide has reported being sexually assaulted by someone other than an intimate partner, according to a new report.

In what is being called landmark research, investigators from South Africa, England and the World Health Organization looked at 77 studies published from 1998 to 2011 that contained data about non-partner sexual violence against women aged 15 and older in 56 countries.

Non-partner sexual violence is committed by people such as strangers, friends, acquaintances, colleagues, teachers, neighbors and family members other than partners.

The researchers found that 7.2 percent of women reported such an incident at some point in their lives, according to the study, which was published Feb. 11 in the journal The Lancet.

The United States and Canada, however, had sexual-assault rates well above the global average, at 13 percent.

Rates varied widely by country, with the highest reported in Africa. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, 21 percent of women reported sexual violence; the rate was 17.4 percent in Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Australia and New Zealand also reported high rates (16.4 percent).
Source: www.everydayhealth.com/news/one-in-fourteen-women-worldwide-has-been-sexually-assaulted/?xid=aol_eh-news_8_20140210_&aolcat=HLT&icid=maing-grid7%7Chtmlws-main-bb%7Cdl17%7Csec3_lnk3%26pLid%3D442532

Social Media and Sexual Violence: How Twitter Contributes to Rape Culture


Today’s rape victims face even greater distress and pain due to social media.

Rape is one of the most traumatic and horrifying acts of violence that a person can endure. Although it doesn’t seem possible, in recent years, rape has become even more painful and devastating for victims to survive.

In today’s technological culture, rape has become even more insidious as rapists and their accomplices have begun posting pictures and videos of their disgusting acts.

The most infamous case that comes to mind is the recent travesty that occurred in Steubenville, Ohio. Just over a year ago, a 16-year-old high school attended a party with many classmates and people whom she thought were her friends. During the night, she consumed several alcoholic beverages. She passed out and became incapacitated. At that point, several of her male classmates undressed her and assaulted her, all while others stood by taking video and pictures. The students then went on to post the video online, bragging about their deeds on Twitter and mocking the rape victim, calling her a “drunk whore” and a “slut.”

Unfortunately, the Steubenville, Ohio case is not an isolated incident. Just this week an image of a young woman and a man engaged in a public sex act near Ohio University went viral on the Internet. However, the woman says that the act was not consensual and she went to the police station the next day to file charges. Meanwhile, 10 people are reported to have stood by and filmed the alleged rape, with many of them posting the video online and spreading it around on their social media.

Imagine the shock and horror these rape victims must feel when they see they log onto the computer and see the world laughing at their pain. Not only are they violated by the rapists, but they are violated again and again, every time someone reposts the video or “likes” the image of her being raped. The comments on the videos (“You can’t rape the willing” and “That’s what drunk girls get”) are downright terrifying, especially for parents with young daughters.

How did we get to this point in society and what can we do to stop it?

I think the sad fact is that many of the people who were taping the incident in Steubeville, Ohio and at Ohio University did not realize that they were taping rape. Most people think that rape is something that happens in a dark alley with a masked man and a gun. They don’t realize that most acts of sexual assault occur at the hands of someone who knows the victim, even someone whom the victim has dated or has had classes with. They especially do not seem to realize that a falling-down drunk person cannot consent to sex.

For some reason, these students looked a drunk girl being raped and instead saw a “slut” who drank too much and deserved what she got. That’s not only because we don’t educate kids enough about rape, consent, and alcohol/drug abuse, but also because we live in a society in which women are devalued and dehumanized on a daily basis. Words like “slut” and “whore” aren’t just misogynist, they contribute to rape culture in which it is okay to violate, assault, and traumatize certain women in society. All a woman has to do is wear a short that people deem too short or have too many drinks and she goes from being a human being worthy of respect to someone who doesn’t even deserve a helping hand when she is being raped in front of a crowd of people.

We have to become proactive and engaged if we want to turn society around and stop this from happening again (which it most certainly will at this rate). We have to talk to kids about respect, consent, and bodily autonomy, and we have to teach them that rape isn’t just something that happens in dark alleys. It can happen right in the middle of one of their parties, and when it does, they need to know how to speak up and do the right thing. Instead of pulling out their phones to make a video, they need to pull out their phones and call the police, and only we can help guide our kids to make that choice when it occurs.
Source: www.everydayhealth.com/columns/dr-laura-berman-on-love-and-sex/social-media-and-sexual-violence-how-twitter-contributes-to-rape-culture/

Objectification


The ad under the "Lenny" icon ran in Bikini magazine, which isn't what you think if you haven't read an issue. It was sponsored by the Los Angeles Commission on Assaults Against Women. If you can't read the "headline" in red just below the woman's hemline, it reads "This is not an invitation to rape me." We agree 100%.  We also agree that women have the right to wear what they like. And, we have two concerns. That regardless of those rights, we don't seem to be teaching our daughters either about objectification or about the potential danger of high-risk behaviors. While this high-risk behavior isn't an invitation to rape, it remains a high-risk behavior in a culture that is afraid of sex so uses seduction, evocative clothing, and suggestive behaviors as part of everyday living. And, it's not uncommon for the press to snap movie stars and models coyly revealing bare breasts, nipples and vulvas in public. It seems curious that organizations like NOW attack men for looking and pay little or no attention to the other side of objectification - one that is encouraged constantly through hundreds of pictures and stories published in women's magazines, run on sitcoms, soap operas and talk shows that basically encourage both behaviors. Men objectifying women's bodies and women wearing the clothing, V-neck, push-up bras (Wonder, shelf, soft cups, floating underwire, fixed underwire and the list goes on) to give men something extra to objectify. In France, bare breasts in television commercials are quite common. In India, millions of men walk around totally nude and no-one hides their children's eyes. Yet here, in this great country founded on freedom, we are filled with laws to control individuals from being free. Being dishonest about sex. Teaching seduction and forgetting about intimacy. I've worked with many women in the advertising business. Smart, skilled and often attractive women, who gave me their mind as a major consideration. I don't display my body. I expect to be seen for my mind. Don't display yours and I will return the favor. Sidebar: The original campaign was created by a man back in the mid 90s. Trevor Beatty of TBWA, London, who brought you all those sexy "Hello Boy's" Wonderbra ads, started the campaign to counter the myth that only women in short skirts get raped and to "raise awareness about what constitutes a rape, what constitutes a rapist, and what constitutes a rape victim." Here are some of the more intriguing situations beyond the obvious that is portrayed above. A kiss, a wedding, a elderly woman with a cane and a woman giving a man her phone number. Each one has the same tag line, "this is not an invitation to rape me." It's interesting that woman's groups in England had reservations or were just downright hostile about it. Back then, Jane Wright of Victim Support Scheme in Somerset said that while the campaign may encourage more women to come forward, it's naive to think that it will change male attitudes. And Ann Mayne of the Campaign Against Pornography appeared on national television attacking Beatty and the posters even before they hit the streets. So, it's interesting that five years later, the Los Angeles Commission on Assaults Against Women is using it. How times change.

 

Bibliography on Female Offenders


Below is a listing of various research studies, articles, and publications about the issue of female offenders and their victims. (Last updated 2/28/10)

Abramson, P. R., & Pinkerton, S. D. (2001). A house divided: Suspicions of mother–daughter incest. New York: Norton.

Adams, Eve M. (1988). Sex of the Victim, Offender, and Helper: The Effects of Gender Differences on Attributions and Attitudes in Cases of Incest. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.

Adams, Kenneth (1991). Silently Seduced: When Parents Make their Children Partners – Understanding Covert Incest. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, Inc.

Adshead, Gwen, Howett, Mimi, & Mason, Fiona (1994). Women who sexually abuse children: The undiscovered country. Journalof Sexual Aggression, 1(1), 45-56.

Allen, C. M. (1990). Women as perpetrators of child sexual abuse: Recognition barriers. In Horton, A. L., Johnson, A. L., Roundy, B. L., & Williams, L. M. (Eds.), The Incest Perpetrator: A Family Member No One Wants To Treat, pp. 108-125. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Allen, C. M. (1991). Women and Men Who Sexually Abuse Children: A Comparative Analysis. Orwell, VT: Safer Society Press.

Allen, C. M., & Pothast, H. L. (1994). Distinguishing characteristics of male and female child sex abusers. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 21, 73-88.

Anderson, Irina, & Swainson, Victoria (1991). Perceived motivation for rape: Gender differences in beliefs about female and male rape. Current Research in Social Psychology, 6(8), 107-122. Available at http://www.uiowa.edu/~grpproc/crisp/crisp.6.8.htm

Anderson, Peter B. (1993). Sexual victimization: It happens to boys, too. Louisiana Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Journal, 57(1), 5, 12.

Anderson, Peter B. (1998). Variations in college women's self-reported heterosexual aggression. Sex Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 10(4), 283-92.

Anderson, Peter B. (1998). Women’s motives for sexual initiation and aggression. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 79-93. New York: The Guilford Press.

Anderson Peter B., & Aymami R. (1993). Reports of female initiation of sexual contact: Male and female differences. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 22(4), 335-343.

Anderson, Peter B., & Melson, Dyan T., 2002. From deviance to normalcy: Women as sexual aggressors. Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality, 5 (October 23). Available at http://www.ejhs.org/volume5/devianceabst.html

Anderson, Peter B., & Newton, Maria (1997). The initiating heterosexual contact scale: A factor analysis. Sex Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 9, 179-186.

Anderson, Peter B., & Newton, Maria (2004). Predicting the use of sexual initiation tactics in a sample of college women. Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality, 7(May 1). Available at http://www.ejhs.org/volume7/Anderson/text.html

Anderson, P. B., & Sorenson, W. (1999). Male and female differences in reports of women’s heterosexual initiation and aggression. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 28(3), 285-295.

Anderson, Peter B., & Struckman-Johnson, Cindy (eds.) (1998). Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies. New York: The Guilford Press.

Araji, S. (1997). Sexually Aggressive Children: Coming to Understand Them. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Atkinson, J. (1995). The Assessment of Female Sex Offenders. Kingston, ON: Correctional Service of Canada.

Atkinson, Jill L. (1996). Female sex offenders: A literature review. Forum on Corrections Research, 8(2), 39-42.

Bachmann, K. M., Moggi, F., & Stirnemann-Lewis, F. (1994). Mother-son incest and its long-term consequences: A neglected phenomenon in psychiatric practice. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 182, 723-725.

Banning, A. (1989). Mother-son incest: Confronting a prejudice. Child Abuse & Neglect, 13, 563-570.

Barnett. S., Corder, F., & Jehu, D. (1990). Group treatment for women sex offenders against children. Groupwork, 3(2), 191-203.

Baron, R. S., Burgess, M. L., & Kao, C. F. (1991). Detecting and labeling prejudice: Do female perpetrators go undetected? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 115-123.

Bear, E. (1993). Inpatient Treatment for Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse: A Summary of Data From 22 Programs. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Beck, A., Harrison, P., and Guerion, P., (2009), Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth, 2008-09. Retrived December, 2010, American Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=2113

Becker, Judith V. (1998). What we know about the characteristics and treatment of adolescents who have committed sexual offenses. Child Maltreatment, 3(4), 317-29.

Becker, Judith V., Hall, Susan, and Stinson, Jill D. (2002). Female sexual offenders: Clinical, legal, and policy issues. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 1(3), 31-53.

Beier, K. M. (2000). Female analogies to perversion. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 26(1), 79-93.

Bell, K. (1999). Female offenders of sexual assault. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 25(3), 241-243.

Belshaw, Scott H (2010). Book Review: Gibson C., & Vandiver, D. M. (2008). Juvenile Sex Offenders: What the Public Needs to Know. Westport, CT: Praeger Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 8, 86-88 (Complete text available at link)

Behrendt, N., Buhl, N., & Seidl, S. (2002). The lethal paraphiliac syndrome: accidental autoerotic deaths in four women and a review of the literature. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 116(3), 148-52.

Blues, Anne, Moffatt, Carole, & Telford, Paula (1999). Work with adolescent females who sexually abuse: Similarities and differences. In Marcus Erooga & Helen C. Masson (eds.), Children and Young People Who Sexually Abuse Others: Challenges and Responses, pp. 168-182. London: Routledge.

Bolton, F. G., Morris, L. A., & MacEachron, A. E. (1989). Males at Risk: The Other Side of Sexual Abuse. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Bordon, T. A., & LaTerz, J. D. (1993). Mother/daughter incest and ritual abuse: The ultimate taboos. Treating Abuse Today, 3(4), 5-8.

Boroughs, D. S. (2004). Female sexual abusers of children. Journal of Children and Youth Services Review, 26(5), 481,487.

Brents, Barbara G. (2010) Sex As Crime? Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 39, 58-59. (Complete article available at link)

Briere J. & Elliott D.M. (2003). Prevalence and psychological sequelae of self-reported childhood physical and sexual abuse in a general population sample of men and women. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27, 1205-1222. (Complete .pdf file at link)

Brinton, Connie, 2000. A Comparison of Sexual Arousal Patterns of Female Sex Offenders and Nonoffenders. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. San Francisco, CA: Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Sexuality.

Brodie, Faith (1992). When the Other Woman Is His Mother: Book One/Boys As Incest Victims and Male Multiple Personality Disorder/for Partners and Professionals. Tacoma, WA: Winged Eagle Press.

Brow, M.E., Knopp, F.H., & Lackey, L.B. (1987). Female Sexual Abusers: A Summary of Data from 44 Treatment Providers. Orwell: Safer Society Press.

Brown, M.E., Hull, L.A., & Panesis, S.K. (1984). Women Who Rape. Boston: Massachusetts Trial Court. [Cited in Mathews, Matthews, & Speltz, 1990; and Syed & Williams, 1996] Available from the National Institute of Corrections library. Accession number 004911. Contact NIC through the web site at http://www.nicic.org/Contact.aspx or call the NIC Information Center at 1-800-877-1461.

Bumby, N. H., & Bumby, K. M. (2004). Bridging the gender gap: Addressing juvenile females who commit sexual offences. In G. O’Reilly, W. L. Marshall, A. Carr, & R. C. Beckett (Eds.), The handbook of clinical intervention with young people who sexually abuse (pp. 369–381). New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.

Bumby, K., & Halstenson Bumby, N. (1997). Adolescent female sex offenders. In B. Schwartz, & H.Cellini, (eds.), The Sex Offender: New Insights, Treatment Innovations and Legal Developments, Vol. II, pp. 10-1 10-16. Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute, Inc.

Bumby, K. M., Halstenson Bumby, N., Burghess, A. W., & Hartman, C. R. (1996). From Victims to Victimizers: Sexually Aggressive Post-Traumatic Responses of Sexually Abused Adolescent Females.

Bunting, L. (2007). Dealing with a problem that doesn't exist? Professional responses to female perpetrated child sexual abuse. Child Abuse Review, 4, 252-267, John Wiley & Sons

Bunting, L. (2005). Females who sexually offend against children: Responses of the child protection and criminal justice systems. NSPCC Policy Practice Research Series. London: NSPCC. (Complete article at link)

Burgess A., Hartman C., McCausland M., & Powers P. (1984). Response patterns in children and adolescents exploited through sex rings and pornography. American Journal of Psychiatry, 14, 656-662

Burket, Lowell E. (1985). Guilt and Moral Judgment in the Juvenile Female Sex Offender: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Unpublished MA thesis. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh.

Busby, D. M., & Compton, S. V. (1997). Patterns of sexual coercion in adult heterosexual relationships: An exploration of male victimization. Family Process, 36(1), 81-94.

Byard, R. W., Hucker, S. J., & Hazelwood, R. R. (1993). Fatal and near-fatal autoerotic asphyxial episodes in women: Characteristic features based on a review of nine cases. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 14(1), 70-3

Byers, E. Sandra (1996). How well does the traditional sexual script explain sexual coercion? Review of a program of research. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 8(1-2), 7-25.

Byers, E. Sandra (1998). Similar but different: Men’s and women’s experiences of sexual coercion. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 144-168. New York:The Guilford Press.

Chasnoff, I. J., Burns. W. J., Schnoll, S. H., Burns, K., Chisum, G., & Kyle-Spore, L. (1986). Maternal-neonatal incest. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 56(4), 577-580.

Chideckel, M. (1935). Female Sex Perversion. Oxford: Eugenics Publishing Co.

Christopher, F. S., Owens, L. A., & Stecker, H. L. (1993). An examination of single men’s and women’s sexual aggressiveness in dating relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 511-527.

Chow, Eva W.C., & Choy, Alberto L., (2002). Clinical characteristics and treatment response to SSRI in a female pedophile. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31(2), 211-215.

Clements-Schreiber, M., Rempel, J., & Desmarais, S. (1998). Women's sexual pressure tactics and adherence to related attitudes: A step toward prediction. Journal of Sex Research, 35(2), 197-205.

Condy, S. R., Templer, D. I., Brown, R., & Veaco, L. (1987). Parameters of sexual contact of boys with women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 16(5), 379-394.

Cook, Nathan E., Barese, Trevor H., Dicataldo, Frank (2010) The Confluence of Mental Health and Psychopathic Traits in Adolescent Female Offenders, Criminal Justice and Behavior 37, 119-135.

Cooper, A. J., Swaminath, S., Baxter, D., & Poulin, C. (1990). A female sex offender with multiple paraphilias: A psychologic, physiologic (laboratory sexual arousal) and endocrine case study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 35(4), 334-337.

Corrections Service of Canada. (2002). Female sex offenders: A review of the literature. Ottawa, Canada: Author.

Craig Shea, M. (1998). When the tables are turned: Verbal sexual coercion among college women. In Peter B. Anderson, & Cindy J. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Cranford, Susan, & Williams, Rose (1998). Critical issues in managing female offenders. Corrections Today, 60(7), 130-135.

Crawford, Colin (1997). Forbidden Femininity: Child Sexual Abuse and Female Sexuality. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Co.

Crockett, L. C. (2001). The deepest wound: How a journey to El Salvador led to healing from motherdaughter incest. Lincoln, NE: Writer’s Showcase.

Davin, Patricia A. (1999). Secrets revealed: A study of female sex offenders. In Patricia A. Davin, Julia C. R. Hislop, & Teresa Dunbar, Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views, pp. 9-134. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Davin, Patricia A., Dunbar, Teresa, & Hislop, Julia (1999). Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views. Brandon, VT, Safer Society Press.

Deering, R. and Mellor, D. (2007) Female-Perpetrated Child Sex Abuse: Definitional and Categorisational Analysis, Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, Vol 14, No 2, pp. 218-226, Australian Academic Press Pty. Ltd., Australia

Deering, Rebecca and Mellor, David. (2009) Sentencing of male and female child sex offenders : Australian study, Psychiatry, psychology and law, pp. 394-412, Australian Academic Press Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, Vic.

Denov, Myriam S. (2001). A culture of denial: Exploring professional perspectives on female sex offending. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 43(3), 303-329.

Denov, Myriam S. (2003). The myth of innocence: Sexual scripts and the recognition of child sexual abuse by female perpetrators. Journal of Sex Research, 40(3), 303-314.

Denov, Mryiam S. (2003). To a Safer Place? Victims of sexual abuse by females and their disclosures to professionals. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(1), 46-61.

Denov, Myriam S. (2004). Perspectives on Female Sex Offending: A Culture of Denial. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Company.

Denov, M., & Cortoni, F. (2006). Women who sexually abuse children. In C. Hilarski & J.S. Wodarski (Eds.), Comprehensive mental health practice with sex offenders and their families (pp. 71-99). Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press.

Dowden, C., & Andrews, D. (1999). What works for female offenders: A meta-analytic review. Crime and Delinquency, 45, 438-452.

Dube, S. R., et al. (2005). Long-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse by gender of victim. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28, 430-438.

Dunbar, Teresa (1993). Women Who Sexually Molest Female Children. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Los Angeles: University of Southern California.

Dunbar, Teresa (1999). Women who sexually molest female children. In Patricia A. Davin, Julia C. R. Hislop, & Teresa Dunbar, Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views, pp. 311-377. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Duncan, Lauren E., & Williams Linda M., (1998). Gender role socialization and male-on-male vs. female-on-male child sexual abuse. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 39(9/10), 765-785.

Eldridge, Hilary (1994). Barbara’s story: A mother who sexually abused. In Michele Elliott, (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 74-87. New York: The Guilford Press.

Eldridge, Hilary, & Saradjian, Jacqui (2000). Replacing the function of abusive behaviors for the offender: Remaking relapse prevention in working with women who sexually abuse children. In D.R. Laws, S.M. Hudson & T. Ward (Eds.), Remaking Relapse Prevention with Sex Offenders: A Sourcebook, pp. 402-426. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Eldridge, H., Elliott, I. A., & Ashfield, S. (2009). Assessment of women who sexually abuse children. In M.C. Calder (Ed.), Sexual abuse assessments: Using and developing frameworks for practice (pp. 213-227). London: Russell House Publishing.

Ellerstein, N., & Canavan, W., (1980). Sexual abuse of boys. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 134, 255-257.

Elliot, D., & Briere, J. (1994). Forensic sexual abuse evaluations of older children – Disclosures and symptomology. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 12(3), 261-277.

Elliott, A. J. & Peterson, L. W. (1993). Maternal sexual abuse of male children: When to suspect and how to uncover it. Postgraduate Medicine, 94(1), 169-180.

Elliott, Michele (ed.) (1994). Female Sexual Abuse of Children. New York: The Guilford Press.

Elliott, Michele (1994). What survivors tell us – An overview. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 5-13. New York: The Guilford Press

Ellis, Lee (1998). Why some sexual assaults are not committed by men: A biosocial analysis. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman- Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 105-118. New York: The Guilford Press.

Erooga, Marcus, & Masson, Helen C. (eds.) (1999). Children and Young People Who Sexually Abuse Others: Challenges and Responses. London: Routledge.

Etherington, Kim (1999). Maternal sexual abuse of males. Child Abuse Review, 6(2), 107-117.

Evert, Kathy (1987). When You're Ready. A Woman's Healing from Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse by Her Mother. Walnut Creek, CA: Launch Press.

Faller, K. C. (1987). Women who sexually abuse victims. Violence & Victims, 2(4), 263-276.

Faller, K.C. (1989). Characteristics of a clinical sample of sexually abused children: How boys and girl victims differ. Child Abuse and Neglect, 13, 281-291.

Faller, K. C. (1991). Polyincestuous families: An exploratory study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 6(3), 310-322.

Fedoroff, J. Paul, & Fishell, Alicja (1999). Paraphilic and other unconventional sexual disorders in girls and women. In E. M. Palace (ed.), Women’s Health: A Behavioral Medicine Approach. Oxford: Oxford Press.

Fedoroff, J. Paul, Fishell, Alicja, & Fedoroff, Beverly (1999). A case series of women evaluated for paraphilic sexual disorders. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 8(2), 127-139.

Fehlow, P. (1975). [The female sexual delinquent.] Psychiatrie, Neurologie und medizinishche Psychologie (Leipz), 27(10), 612-618.

Fehrenbach, P. A. & Monastersky, C. (1988). Characteristics of female adolescent sexual offenders. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 58(1), 148-151.

Fiebert, M. S., & Tucci, M. (1998). Sexual coercion: Men victimized by women. Journal of Men's Studies, 6(2), 127-133.

Finch, S.M. (1973). Sexual abuse by mothers. Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality, 7(1), 191.

Finkelhor, D., & Russell, D. (1984). Women as perpetrators: Review of the evidence. In D. Finkelhor (ed.), Child Sexual Abuse: New Theory and Research, pp. 171-187. New York: Free Press.

Finkelhor, D., Williams, L. M., & Burns, N. (1988). Nursery crimes: Sexual abuse in day care. Newbury Park, CA: Sage

FitzRoy, L. (1997). Mother/daughter rape: A challenge for feminism. In S. Cook & J. Bessant (Eds.), Women’s encounters with violence: Australian experiences (pp. 40-54). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

FitzRoy, Lee (1998). Offending mothers: Theorising in a feminist minefield.

FitzRoy, Lee (1998). Offending women: Conversations with workers.

Flinck, Aune, Paavilainen, Eija (2010). Women's Experiences of Their Violent Behavior in an Intimate Partner Relationship. Qual Health Res 20, 306-318.

Flowers, Ronald B. (1995). Female Crime, Criminals, and Cellmates: An Exploration of Female Criminality and Delinquency. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.

Forbes, J. (1992). Female sexual abusers: The contemporary search for equivalence. Practice, 6, 102-111. (Complete article in .pdf format at link)

Ford, H. (2006). Women who sexually abuse children. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.

Freel, Mike (1995). Women Who Sexually Abuse Children. Norwich: Social Work Monographs, University of East Anglia.

Freeman, Naomi J., Sandler, Jeffrey C. (2008). Female and Male Sex Offenders: A Comparison of Recidivism Patterns and Risk Factors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 1394-1413

Frey, L.L. (2006). Girls don’t do that, do they? Adolescent females who sexually abuse. In R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott (Eds.), Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems (pp. 255-272). Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.

Gabbard, Glen O., Twemlow, Stuart W. (1994). The Role of Mother-Son Incest in The Pathogenesis of Narcissistic Personality Disorder. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 42, 171-189.

Gallop, R. (1998). Abuse of power in the nurse-client relationship. Nursing Standard, 12(37), 43-47.

Gannon, T. A., & Rose, M. R. (2008). Female child sexual offenders: Towards, integrating theory and practice. Aggression and Violent behaviour, 21, 194-207.

Gannon, T. A., & Rose, M. R., & Ward, T. (2008). A descriptive model of the offence process for female sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 20, 352-374.

Gannon, T. A., & Rose, M. R. (2009). Offense-Related Interpretative Bias in Female Child Molesters: A Preliminary Study. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 2009 21: 194-207

Giguere, R., & Bumby, K. (2007). Female sex offenders [Policy and Practice Brief]. Center for Sex Offender Management, USA. (Complete article in .pdf format at link)

Girshick, Lori B. (2002). Woman-to-Woman Sexual Violence: Does She Call It Rape? Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.

Goldman, Laurie L. (1993). Female Sex Offenders: Societal Avoidance of Comprehending the Phenomenon of Women Who Sexually Abuse Children. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology. (University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI)

Goodwin, J., & DiVasto, P. (1979). Mother–daughter incest. Child Abuse & Neglect, 3, 953-957.

Goodwin, J., & DiVasto, P. (1989). Female homosexuality: A sequel to mother-daughter incest. In J. M. Goodwin (ed.), Sexual Abuse: Incest Victims and Their Families, pp. 140-146, 2nd ed. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc.

Gray, A., Busconi, A., Houchens, P. & Pithers, W. D. (1997). Children with sexual behavior problems and their caregivers: Demographics, functioning, and clinical patterns. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9(4), 267-90.

Gray, Janice L. (1992). From the Data of Therapists: An Exploratory Study of Adult Females Who Sexually Molest Children. Unpublished MSW thesis. Long Beach, CA: California State University.

Grayston, Alana D., & De Luca, Rayleen V. (1999). Female perpetrators of child sexual abuse: A review of the clinical and empirical literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 4(1), 1999, 93-106.

Green, A.H., & Kaplan, M. (1994). Psychiatric impairment and childhood victimization experiences in female child molesters. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 954-961.

Green, Arthur H. (1999). Female sex offenders. In Jon A. Shaw (ed.), Sexual Aggression, pp. 195-210. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Green, Jonathan (2000). The last taboo. Marie Claire UK, March.

Grier, P. E., & Clark, M. A. (1987). Female sexual offenders in a prison setting. Unpublished, manuscript. St. Louis, MO: Behavioral Sciences Institute, Inc. [Cited in Mathews, Matthews, & Speltz, 1990.]

Grier, P. E., Clark, M., & Stoner, S. B. (1993). Comparative study of personality traits of female sex offenders. Psychological Reports, 73, 1378.

Grob, C. S. (1985). Single case study: Female exhibitionism. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173(4), 253-256.

Grossman , L. (1992). An example of "character perversion" in a woman. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 61(4), 581-9.

Hannon, Roseann, Hall, David S., Nash, Holl, Forman, Jean, & Hopson, Tina (2000). Judgements regarding sexual aggression as a function of sex of aggressor and victim. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 43(5-6), 311-322.

Harper, J. F. (1993). Prepubteral male victims of incest: A clinical study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 17(3), 419-421.

Harrison, H. (1994). Female abusers - what children and young people have told Childline. In M. Elliott (Ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 89-92. New York: The Guilford Press.

Hensley, Christopher, Tallichet, Suzanne E., Dutkiewicz, Erik L. (2010) Childhood Bestiality: A Potential Precursor to Adult Interpersonal Violence. J Interpers Violence 25, 557-567

Hetherton, J. & Beardsall, L. (1988). Decisions and attitudes concerning child sexual abuse: Does the gender of the perpetrator make a difference to child protection professionals? Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(12), 1265-1283.

Hetherton, J. (1999). The idealization of women: Its role in the minimization of child sexual abuse by females. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23, 161-174.

Herman-Giddens, M. E., & Berson, N. L. (1989). Harmful genital care practices in children: A type of child abuse. JAMA, 261(4), 577-579.

Higgs, D. C., Canavan, M. M. & Meyer, W. J. III (1992). Moving from defense to offence: The development of an adolescent female sex offender. Journal of Sex Research, 29(1), 131-139.

Hindman, J. (1989). Just Before Dawn. Baker City, OR: Alexandria Associates.

Hislop, Julia C. R. (1999). Female child molesters. In Patricia A. Davin, Julia C. R. Hislop, & Teresa Dunbar, Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views, pp. 135-310. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press

Hislop, Julia (2001). Female Sex Offenders: What Therapists, Law Enforcement and Child Protection Services Need to Know. Ravensdale, WA: Idyll Arbor, Inc.

Hollender, M. H., Brown, W., & Roback, H. B. (1977). Genital exhibitionism in women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134 (4), 436-438.

Howitt, Dennis (1995). Paedophiles and Sexual Offenses Against Children. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Hull, L. A., & Panesis, S. K. (1984). Women Who Rape. Boston: Massachusetts Trial Court.

Hunter, J. A., Lexier, L.. J., Goodwin, D.W., Browne, P.A., & Dennis, C. (1993). Psychosexual, attitudinal, and developmental characteristics of juvenile female perpetrators in a residential treatment setting. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 2, 317- 326.

Hunter, John A., & Mathews, Ruth (1997). Sexual deviance in females. In Richard D. Laws & William O’Donohue (eds.), Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment, pp. 465-480. New York: The Guilford Press.

Hunter, J. A., Becker, J. V., & Lexier, L. J. (2006). The female juvenile sex offender. In H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed.) (pp. 148–165). New York: Guilford Press.

Hunter, Kate (1994). Helping survivors through counseling. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 37-46. New York: The Guilford Press.

Impett, Emily A., & Peplau, Letitia A. (2003). Sexual compliance: Gender, motivational, and relationship perspectives. Journal of Sex Research, 40(1), 87-100.

Jennings, K. T. (1994). Female child molesters: A review of the literature. In M. Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 219-234. New York: The Guilford Press.

Johnson, R. L., & Schrier, D. (1987). Past sexual victimization by females of male patients in an adolescent medicine clinic population. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144(5), 650-652.

Johnson, T. C. (1988). Child perpetrators: Children who molest other children, preliminary findings. Child Abuse and Neglect, 12, 219-229.

Johnson, T. C. (1989). Female child perpetrators: Children who molest other children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 13, 571-585.

Johansson-Love, J., & Fremouw, W. (2006). A critique of the female sexual perpetrator research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 12-26.

Kalders, Astrid, Inkster, Helen, & Britt, Eileen (1997). Females who offend sexually against children in New Zealand. The Journal of Sexual Aggression. 3(1), 15-29.

Kaplan, M.S., & Green, A. (1995). Incarcerated female sex offenders: A comparison of sexual histories with eleven female nonsexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 7, 287-300.

Kasl, Charlotte S. (1990). Female perpetrators of sexual abuse: A feminist view. In M. Hunter (Ed.), The Sexually Abused Male. Prevalence, Impact, and Treatment, Vol. 1. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

Kaufman, K. L., Wallace, A. M., Johnson, C. F., & Reeder, M. L. (1995). Comparing female and male perpetrators’ modus operandi: Victims’ reports of sexual abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10(3), 322-333.

Kelley, Susan J., Brant, R., & Waterman, J. (1993). Sexual abuse of children in day care centers. Child Abuse & Neglect, 17, 71-89.

Kendall-Tackett, Kathleen A., & Simon, Arthur F. (1987). Perpetrators and their acts: Data from 365 adults molested as children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 11, 237-45.

Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. R., Martin, C. E., and Gebhard, P. H. (1953). Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders.

Knopp, F. H. & Lackey, L. B. (1987). Female Sexual Abusers: A Summary of Data from 44 Treatment Providers. Orwell, VT: The Safer Society Press.

Koonin, Renee (1995). Breaking the last taboo: Child sexual abuse by female perpetrators. Australian Social Work 30(2), 195-210.

Krahe, Barbara, Scheinberger-Olwig, Renate, & Kolpin, Susanne (2000). Ambiguous communication of sexual intentions as a risk marker of sexual aggression. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 42(5-6), 313-337.

Krahe, Barbara, Waizenhofer, Eva, Moller, Ingrid (2003). Women’s sexual aggression against men: Prevalence and predictors. Sex Roles, 49(5-6), 219-232.

Krug, R. S. (1989). Adult male reports of childhood sexual abuse by mothers: Case descriptions, motivations and long-term consequences. Child Abuse and Neglect, 13, 111-119.

Kubik, E. K., Hecker, J. E., & Righthand, S. (2002). Adolescent females who have sexually offended: Comparisons with delinquent adolescent female offenders and adolescent males who sexually offended. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 11(3), 63-83.

Lambert, S., & O’Halloran, E. (2008). Deductive thematic analysis of a female paedophilia website. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, Vol 15, No. 2, 284-300

Lane, Sandy, & Lobanov-Rostovsky, Chris (1997). Special populations: Children, females, the developmentally disabled, and violent youth. In Gail Ryan & Sandy Lane (eds.), Juvenile Sexual Offending: Causes, Consequences and Correction, pp. 322- 359. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Larimer, M., Lydum, A., Anderson, B., & Turner, A. (1999). Male and female recipients of unwanted sexual contact in a college student sample: Prevalence rates, alcohol use, and depression symptoms. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 40, 295-308.

Larson, Noel R., & Maison, Sally R. (1987). Psychosexual Treatment Program for Female Sex Offenders: Training Manual. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Department of Corrections, Minnesota Correctional Facility-Stillwater. Sponsored by the National Institute of Corrections, Grant No. NIC-GJ-6. Available from the National Institute of Corrections library. Accession number 006302. Contact through the web site at http://www.nicic.org/Contact.aspx or call the NIC Information Center at 1-800-877-1461.

Larson, Noel R., & Maison, Sally R. (1995). Psychosexual treatment program for women sex offenders in a prison setting. Acta Sexologica, 1(1), 81-113.

Laury, G. V. (1992). When women sexually abuse male psychiatric patients under their care. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 18 (1), 11-16.

Lawson, C. (1991). Clinical assessment of mother-son sexual abuse. Clinical Social Work Journal, 19(4), 391-403.

Lawson, Christine (1993). Mother-son sexual abuse: Rare or under-reported? A critique of the research. Child Abuse & Neglect, 17(2), 261-269.

Lev, A. I., & Lev, S. (1999). Sexual assault in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered communities. In J. C. McClennen & J. Gunther (Eds.), A Professional's Guide to Understanding Gay and Lesbian Domestic Violence: Understanding Practice Interventions, pp. 35-61. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen.

Levesque, R. J. R. (1994). Sex differences in the experience of child sexual victimization. Journal of Family Violence, 9, 357-369.

Levine, Kay L. (2006). No Penis, No Problem. Fordham Urban Law Journal, Emory Public Law Research Paper No. 05-37.

Lewis, Catherine F., & Stanley, Charlotte R. (2000). Women accused of sexual offenses. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 18(1), 73-81.

Lipshires, Lisa (1994). Female perpetration of child sexual abuse: An overview of the problem. Moving Forward Newsjournal, 2(6). (Complete article at link)

Lombroso, C., & Ferrero, W. (1895). The female offender. London: T. Fisher Unwin.

Longdon, Cianne (1994). A survivor and therapist’s viewpoint. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 47-56. New York: The Guilford Press.

Lottes, I. L. (1991). The relationship between nontraditional gender roles and sexual coercion. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 4(4), 89-109.

Lukianowicz, N. (1972). Incest: I Paternal incest: II other types of incest. British Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 301-313.

Macchietto, John G. (1998). Treatment issues of adult male victims of female sexual aggression. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 187-204. New York: The Guilford Press.

MacHover, F., & Wieckowski, E. (1992). The 10FC Ten-Factor Continua of classification and treatment criteria for male and female sex offenders. Medical Psychotherapy, 5, 53-63.

Making Daughters Safe Again (2002). Female perpetrated sexual abuse: Redefining the construct of sexual abuse and challenging beliefs about human sexuality. Available on the Mother-Daughter Sexual Abuse web page at http://mdsasupport.homestead.com/ra.html

Margolin, L. (1986). The effects of mother-son incest. Lifestyles: A Journal of Changing Patterns.

Margolin, L. (1990). Child abuse by baby-sitters: An ecological interactional interpretation. Journal of Family Violence, 5 (2), 95-105.

Margolin, L. (1991). Abuse and neglect in nonparental child care: A risk assessment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 694-704.

Margolin, L. (1991). Child sexual abuse by nonrelated caregivers. Child Abuse & Neglect, 15, 213-221.

Margolin, L., & Craft, J. L. (1990). Child abuse by adolescent caregivers. Child Abuse and Neglect, 14 (3), 365-373.

Margolis, M. (1977). A preliminary report of a case of consummated mother-son incest. Annual of Psychoanalysis, 5, 267-293.

Margolis, M. (1984). A case of mother-adolescent son incest: A follow-up study. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 53, 355-385.

Marvasti, J. (1986). Incestuous mothers. American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 7, 63-69.

Mathews, Ruth (1987g). Female Sexual Offenders: Treatment and Legal Issues. Orwell, VT: The Safer Society Press.

Mathews, R., Hunter, J. A., & Vuz, J. (1997). Juvenile female sexual offenders: Clinical characteristics and treatment issues. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9(3), 187-199.

Mathews, Ruth, Matthews, Jane Kinder, & Speltz, Kathleen (1989). Female Sexual Offenders: An Exploratory Study. Orwell, VT: Safer Society Press.

Mathews, Ruth, Matthews, Jane Kinder, & Speltz, Kathleen (1990). Female sexual offenders. In M. Hunter (ed.), The Sexually Abused Male: Prevalence, Impact and Treatment, Vol. 1, pp. 275-293. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

Mathis, R. (1982). Mother-child incest: Characteristics of the offender. Child Welfare, 65, 447-458.

Matravers, Amanda (1998). Women sex offenders: An exploratory study. Prison Research and Development Bulletin, 6.

Matthews, J. (1998). An 11-year perspective of working with female sexual offenders. In W. L. Marshall, T. Ward, & S. M. Hudson (Eds.), Sourcebook of treatment programs for sexual offenders (pp. 259-272). New York, NY: Plenum Press.

Mathews, R., Hunter, J. A., & Vuz, J. (1997). Juvenile female sexual offenders: Clinical characteristics and treatment issues. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9, 187-199.

Matthews, Jane Kinder (1994). Working with female sexual abusers. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 57-73. New York: The Guilford Press

Mathews, R. (1993). Preliminary typology of female sex offenders. In Safer Society (Ed.), Information packet: Female sexual abusers. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Matthews, Jane Kinder, Mathews, Ruth, & Speltz, Kathleen (1991). Female sexual offenders: A typology. In M.Q. Patton (ed.), Family Sexual Abuse: Frontline Research and Evaluation, pp. 199-219. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Mayer, Adele (1992). Women Sex Offenders: Treatment and Dynamics. Holmes Beach, FL: Learning Publications, Inc.

Mayer, Adele (1993). Adult female incest offenders: Treatment considerations. Treating Abuse Today, 3(6), 21-26.

McCartan, Lisa M., Gunnison, Elaine. (2009). Individual and Relationship Factors That Differentiate Female Offenders With and Without a Sexual Abuse History, J Interpers Violence.

McCarthy, D. (1981). Women Who Rape. Unpublished manuscript

McCarty, L.M. (1986). Mother-child incest: Characteristics of the offender. Child Welfare, 65(5), 447-458.

McClay, Robin (1999). Female Sex Offenders: A Comparative Study of Beliefs and Attitudes of Mental Health Graduate Students and Nonmental Health Graduate Students. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. San Francisco, CA: Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Sexuality.

Miccio-Gonseca, L.C. (2000). Adult and adolescent female sex offenders: Experiences compared to other female and male sex offenders. In Eli Coleman & Michael Miner (eds.), Sexual Offender Treatment: Biopsychosocial Perspectives, pp. 75-88. New York: The Haworth Press. (Also published in Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 11(3), 75-88.)

Miletski, Hani (1999). Mother-Son Incest: The Unthinkable Broken Taboo. Brandon, VT: The Safer Society Press.

Miller, D., Trapani, C., Fejes,-Mendoza, K., Eggleston, C., & Dwiggins, D. (1995). Adolescent female offenders: Unique considerations. Adolescence, 30, 429-435. (Complete article at link)

Miller, Holly A., Turner, Kim, Henderson, Craig E. (2009) Psychopathology of Sex Offenders: A Comparison of Males and Females Using Latent Profile Analysis, Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36: 778-792

Mitchell, Juliann, Morse, Jill, & Whetsell Mitchell, Juliann (1997). From Victim to Survivor: Women Survivors of Female Perpetrators. London: Taylor & Francis.

Motz, Anna (2001). Female sexual abuse of children. In Anna Motz (ed.), The Psychology of Female Violence: Crimes Against the Body, pp. 15-58. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis.

Muehlenhard, C. L. (1998). The importance and danger of studying sexually aggressive women. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 19-48. New York: The Guilford Press.

Muehlenhard, C.L., & Cook, S.W. (1988). Men’s self-reports of unwanted sexual activity. Journal of Sex Research, 24, 58-72.

Muehlenhard, C. L., & Kimes, L. A. (1999). The social construction of violence: The case of sexual and domestic violence. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 234-245.

Nathan, Pamela, & Ward, Tony (2001). Female sex offenders: Assessment and treatment issues. Psychiatry, Psychology, & Law, 8, 44-55.

Nathan, Pamela, & Ward, Tony (2001). Female sex offenders: Clinical and demographic features. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 8(1), 5-21.

Nathan, P., & Ward, T. (2002). Female sex offenders: Clinical and demographic features. The Journal of Sexual Aggression, 8, 5-21.

National Center on Sexual Behavior of Youth (January 2004). NCSBY Fact Sheet: What Research Shows About Female Adolescent Sex Offenders. Available at http://www.ncsby.org/pages/publications/Female%20ASO%20041504.pdf

O’Connor, A.A. (1987). Female sex offenders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 615-620.

Office of the Under Secretary (2004). Educator Sexual Misconduct: A Synthesis of Existing Literature. Washington, DC. Available at http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/research/pubs/misconductreview/report.pdf

Ogilvie, B., & Daniluk, J. (1995). Common themes in the experiences of mother-daughter incest survivors: Implications for counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 598-602.

Okonkwo, J. E., & Ibeh, C. C. (2003). Female sexual assault in Nigeria. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 83(3), 325-326.

Oliver, Brian E. (2007) Preventing Female-Perpetrated Sexual Abuse. Trauma Violence Abuse, 8. 19-32

O’Shea, Kathleen A., & Fletcher, Beverly R. (1997). Female Offenders: An Annotated Bibliography. Research and Bibliographical Guides in Criminal Justice, No. 5. Westport, CT: Greenwood.

O'Sullivan, L. F., Byers, E. S., Finkelman, L. (1998). A comparison of male and female college student's experiences of sexual coercion. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22(2), 177-195.

Pearson, Patricia (1997). When She Was Bad: Violent Women & the Myth of Innocence. New York: Viking Press.

Peluso, E., & Putnam, N. (1996). Case study: Sexual abuse of boys by females. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(1), 51-54.

Peter, Tracey. (2006). Mad, Bad, or Victim? Making Sense of Mother–Daughter Sexual Abuse. Feminist Criminology, 1, 283 - 302

Peter, Tracey. (2008). Speaking About the Unspeakable. Exploring the Impact of Mother Daughter Sexual Abuse. Violence Against Women, 9, 1033-1053.

Peter, Tracey. (2009). Exploring Taboos: Comparing Male and Female Perpetrated Child Sexual Abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 7, 1111 – 1128

Petrovich, M. & Templer, D. I. (1984). Heterosexual molestation of children who later become rapists. Psychological Reports, 54, 810.

Plummer, K. (1981). Pedophilia: Constructing a psychological baseline. In M. Cook & K. Howells (Eds.), Adult Sexual Interest in Children. London: Academic Press.

Pothast, Henry L., & Allen, Craig M. (1994). Masculinity and femininity in male and female perpetrators of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18(9), 763-767.

Pozzulo, Joanna D., Dempsey, Julie, Maeder, Evelyn, Allen, Laura. (2010) The Effects of Victim Gender, Defendant Gender, and Defendant Age on Juror Decision Making. Criminal Justice and Behavior 37, 47-63.

Ramsey-Klawsnik, H. (1990). Sexual abuse by female perpetrators: Impact on children. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Child Victimization. Tyler, TX: Family Violence and Sexual Assault Institute.

Ray, Jo Ann, & English, Diana J. (1995). Comparison of female and male children with sexual behavior problems. Journal of Youth and Adolesence, 24(4), 439-450.

Reinhart, M. A. (1987). Sexually abused boys. Child Abuse & Neglect, 11(2), 229-235.

Righthand, Sue and Welch, Caralann (2001). Juveniles Who Have Offended Sexually: A Review of the Professional Literature. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Available at http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/ojjdp/184739.pdf

Risin, L. I., & Koss, M. P. (1987). The sexual abuse of boys: Prevalence and descriptive characteristics of childhood victimizations. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2(3), 309-323.

Robinson, Susan L. (2002). Growing Beyond: A Workbook for Teenage Girls. Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.

Robinson, Susan L. (2002). Treatment Manual. Growing Beyond: A Workbook for Sexually Abusive Teenage Girls. Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.

Robson, Marilyn (1996). An overview of the literature about female sexual offending. Social Work Review, 6, September. (Complete article available in .pdf format at link)

Rosencrans, Bobbie, Bear, Euon (1997). The Last Secret: Daughters Sexually Abused by Mothers. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Rosner, R., Wiederlight, M., Wieczorek, R. R. (1985). Forensic psychiatric evaluations of women accused of felonies: A three-year descriptive study. Journal of Forensic Science, 30(3), 721-729.

Rowan, E. L., Langelier, P., & Rowan, J. B. (1988). Female pedophiles. Corrective and Social Psychiatry and Journal of Behavior Technology Methods and Therapy, 34(3), 17-20.

Rowan, E. L., Rowan, J. B., & Langelier, P. (1990). Women who molest children. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 18, 79-83.

Roys, D. T. (1996). Psychoeducational Curriculum for Adult Female Sex Offenders. Atlanta, GA: Highland Institute for Behavioral Change.

Rudin, Margaret M., Zalewski, Christine, & Bodmer-Turner, Jeffrey (1995). Characteristics of child sexual abuse victims according to perpetrator gender. Child Abuse & Neglect 19(8), 963-73.

Russell, Brenda L., & Oswald, Debra L. (2001). Strategies and dispositional correlates of sexual coercion perpetrated by women: An exploratory investigation. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 45(1-2), 103-115.

Russell, D. (1986). Female incest perpetrators: How do they differ from males, and why are there so few? In D. Russell, The Secret Trauma: Incest in the Lives of Girls and Women. New York: Basic Books.

Russell, D., & Finkelhor, D. (1984). The gender gap among perpetrators of child sexual abuse. In D. Russell (ed.) Sexual Exploitation: Rape, Child Sexual Abuse, and Workplace Harassment, pp. 215-31. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Ryan, Gail, & Grayson, Joanne (1989). Female sex offenders. Interchange: Cooperative Newsletter of the Adolescent Perpetrator Network, June.

Sandler, Jeffrey C., Freeman, Naomi J. (2007). Topology of Female Sex Offenders: A Test of Vandiver and Kercher. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 19, 73-89.

Sandler, Jeffrey C., Freeman, Naomi J. (2009). Female Sex Offender Recidivism: A Large-Scale Empirical Analysis. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 21, 455-473.

Saradjian, J., & Hanks, H. (1996). Women Who Sexually Abuse Children: From Research to Clinical Practice. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Sarrel, P. M. & Masters, W.H. (1982). Sexual molestation of men by women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 11(2), 117-131.

Scavo, R.R. (1989). Female adolescent sex offenders: A neglected treatment group. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 70(2), 114-117.

Schwartz, Barbara K., & Cellini, Henry R. (1995). Female sex offenders. In Barbara K. Schwartz & Henry R. Cellini (eds.), The Sex Offender: Corrections, Treatment and Legal Practice, Vol. 1., pp. 5-1 – 5-22. Kingston, N.J.: Civic Research Press, Inc.

Schwartz, M. F. (1991). Victim to Victimizer. Professional Counselor, 43-46.

Sgroi, Suzanne, & Sargent, Nora, M. (1994). Impact and treatment issues for victims of childhood sexual abuser by female perpetrators. In Michele Elliott, (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 14-36. New York: The Guilford Press.

Shea, Mary E. Craig (1998). When the tables are turned: Verbal sexual coercion among college women. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 94-104. New York: The Guilford Press.

Shelden, V.E. & Shelden, R.G. (1989). Sexual abuse of males by females: the problem, treatment modality, and case example. Family Therapy, 16(3), 249-58.

Shengold, L. S. (1980). Some reflections on a case of mother/adolescent son incest. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 61, 461-476.

Simmons, Rachel (2003). Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls. Fort Washington, PA: Harvest Books.

Smith, R. E., Pine, C. J., & Hawley, M. E. (1988). Social cognitions about adult male victims of female sexual assault. Journal of Sex Research, 24, 101--112.

Snyder, H. (2000, July), Sexual assault of young children as reported to law enforcement: Victim, incident, and offender characteristics. Retrived December, 2002, American Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/312-314

Song, L., Lieb, R., & Donnelly, S. (1993). Female Sex Offenders in Washington State. Washington: Washington State Institute for Public Policy. (Complete report available at link)

Stock, Wendy (1998). Women’s sexual coercion of men: A feminist analysis. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 169-184. New York: The Guilford Press.

Strickland, S. (2008). Female Sex Offenders: Exploring Issues of Personality, Trauma, and Cognitive Distortions. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 474-489.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy (1988). Forced sex on dates: It happens to men, too. Journal of Sex Research, 24, 234-241.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy (1991). Male victims of acquaintance rape. In A. L. Parrot, & L. Bechhofer (eds.), Acquaintance Rape: The Hidden Crime, pp. 192-214. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, & Anderson, Peter B. (1998). “Men do and women don’t”: Difficulties in researching sexually aggressive women. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 9-18. New York: The Guilford Press.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy & Struckman-Johnson, David (1994). Men pressured and forced into sexual experience. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 23(1), 93-114.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, & Struckman-Johnson, David (1997). Men’s reactions to forceful sexual advances from women: The role of sexual standards, relationship availability, and the beauty bias. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 37(5-6), 319-334.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, & Struckman-Johnson, David (1998). The dynamics and impact of sexual coercion of men by women. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 121-143. New York: The Guilford Press.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, Struckman-Johnson, David (2001). Men’s reactions to female sexual coercion. Psychiatric Times, XVII(3).

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, & Struckman-Johnson, David (2002). Sexual coercion reported by women in three Midwestern prisons. Journal of Sex Research 39(3), 217-227

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, Struckman-Johnson, David, & Anderson, P. B. (2003). Tactics of sexual coercion: When men and women won’t take no for an answer. Journal of Sex Research, 40(1), 76-86.

Syed, Fariyam, & Williams, Sharon (1996). Case studies of female sex offenders in the Correctional Service of Canada. Ottawa, ON: Correctional Services of Canada. (Complete article at link)

Tardif, M., Auclair, N., Jacob, M., & Carpentier, J. (2005). Sexual abuse perpetrated by adult and juvenile females: An ultimate attempt to resolve a conflict associated with maternal identity. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29, 153-167.

Taylor, Terri (2001). Treating Female Sex Offenders and Standards for Education and Training in Marriage & Family Therapy Programs. Unpublished MSc Research Paper. Menomonie, WI: University of Wisconsin-Stout. Available at http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001taylort.pdf

Travin, S., Cullen, K., & Protter, B. (1990). Female sex offenders: Severe victims and victimizers. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 35(1), 140-150.

Turner, Kim, Miller, Holly A., Henderson, Craig E. (2008). Latent Profile Analyses of Offense and Personality Characteristics in a Sample of Incarcerated Female Sexual Offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35: 879-894

Turner, Macia T., & Turner, Tracey N. (1994). Female Adolescent Sexual Abusers: An Exploratory Study of Mother-Daughter Dynamics with Implications for Treatment. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Van Voorhis, Patricia, Wright, Emily M., Salisbury, Emily, Bauman, Ashley. (2010). Women's Risk Factors and Their Contributions to Existing Risk/Needs Assessment: The Current Status of a Gender-Responsive Supplement. Criminal Justice and Behavior 37, 261-288

Vander Mey, B. J. (1988). The sexual victimization of male children: A review of previous research. Child Abuse & Neglect, 12(1), 61-72.

Vandiver, Donna M., & Walker, Jeffrey T. (2002). Female sex offenders: An overview and analysis of 40 cases. Criminal Justice Review, 27(2), 284-300.

Vandiver, D., & Kercher, G. (2004). Offender and victim characteristics of registered female sexual offenders in Texas: A proposed typology of female sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, 121-137. 

Vandiver, D. (2006). Female sex offenders: A comparison of solo offenders and co-offenders. Violence and Victims, 21, 339-354.

Vandiver, Donna M., Teske, Raymond, Jr. (2006). Juvenile Female and Male Sex Offenders: A Comparison of Offender, Victim, and Judicial Processing Characteristics. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 50, 148-165.

Van Waters, M. (1951). Rehabilitation of women sex offenders. Journal of Social Hygiene, 37(5), 935-940.

Van Wormer, Katherine S. (2001). Counseling Female Offenders and Victims: A Strengths Restorative Approach. New York: Springer Publishers.

Vick, Jennifer, McRoy, Ruth, & Matthews, Bobbie M. (2002). Young female sex offenders: Assessment and treatment issues. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 11(2), 1-23.

Wahl, C. W. (1960). The psychodynamics of consummated maternal incest: A report of two cases. Archives of General Psychiatry,3, 96-101

Wakefield, Holida, & Underwager, Ralph. (1991). Female child sexual abusers: A critical review of the literature. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 9(4), 45-69. Available at http://www.ipt-forensics.com/library/female.htm

Wakefield, Hollida, Rogers, Martha, & Underwager, Ralph (1990). Female sexual abusers: A theory of loss. Issues in Child Abuse Accusations, 2(4), 191-195. Available on the World Wide Web at http://www.ipt-forensics.com/journal/volume2/j2_4_1.htm

Waldner-Haugrud, Lisa K. (1999). Sexual coercion in lesbian and gay relationships: A review and critique. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 4 (2), 139-149.

Waldner-Haugrud, Lisa K. & Magruder, B. (1995). Male and female sexual victimization in dating relationships: Gender differences in coercion techniques and outcomes. Violence and Victims, 10(3), 203-215.

Waldner-Haugrud, Lisa K. and Vaden Gratch, Linda, (1997). Sexual coercion in gay/lesbian relationships: Descriptives and gender differences. Violence and Victims, 12(1), 87-98.

Waldner-Haugrud, Lisa K., Vaden Gratch, Linda, & Magruder, B. (1997). Victimization and perpetration rates of violence in gay and lesbian relationships: Gender issues explored. Violence and Victims, 12 (2), 173-184.

Warren, Janet I., & Hislop, Julia (2001). Female sex offenders: A typological and etiological overview. In Robert R. Hazelwood & Ann Wolbert Burgess (eds.), Practical Aspects of Rape Investigation: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 3rd edition, pp. 421-434. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Waterman, C. K., Dawson, M. A., & Gologna, M. J. (1989). Sexual coercion in gay male and lesbian relationships: Predictors of gay rape. Journal of Sex Research, 26(1), 118-124.

Watkins, B., and Bentovim, A. (2000). Male children and adolescents as victims: A review of current knowledge. In Mezey, G. C., and King, M. B. (eds.), Male Victims of Sexual Assault, 2nd edition, pp. 35-78. New York: Oxford University Press.

Weizmann-Henelius, G., Viemero, V., & Eronen, M. (2003). The violent female perpetrator and her victim. Forensic Science International, 133(3), 197-203.

Weldon, E. V. (1990). Women who sexually abuse children. British Medical Journal, 300(6738), 1527-1528.

West, D. J., & Woodhouse, T. P. (eds.) (1993). Children’s Sexual Encounter with Adults: A Scientific Study Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books.

Whetsell-Mitchell, Juliann, & Morse, Jill (1998). From Victims to Survivors: Reclaimed Voices of Women Sexually Abused in Childhood by Females. Washington, DC: Accelerated Development.

White, J. W., & Humphrey, J. A. (1994). Women's aggression in heterosexual conflicts. Aggressive Behavior, 20, 195-202.

Widom, Cathy. (1979). Female Offenders: Three Assumptions About Self-Esteem, Sex-Role Identity, and Feminism. Criminal Justice and Behavior 6,365-382 Available at http://cjb.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/6/4/365

Wilkins, R. (1990). Women who sexually abuse children: Doctors need to become sensitised to the possibility. British Medical Journal, 300(300, 1153-1154.

Williams, S. (1995). Female Sex Offenders: Addendum to Risk Assessment Training Manual. (pp.38-46). Ottawa: Correctional Service Canada.

Wolfe, F. A. (1985). Twelve female sexual offenders. Paper presented at “Next steps in research on the assessment and treatment of sexually aggressive persons (Paraphiliacs),” March, 1985, St. Louis, MO.

Wolfers, Olive (1994). The paradox of women who sexually abuse children. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 93-99. New York: The Guilford Press.

Young, Myla H., Justice, Jerald V., Edberg, Philip. (2010) Sexual Offenders in Prison Psychiatric Treatment: A Biopsychosocial Description, Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 54, 92-112

Young, V. (1993). Women abusers – a feminist view. In M. Elliott (ed.) Female Sexual Abuse of Children – The Ultimate Taboo, pp. 100-. New York: The Guilford Press.

Young, Val (1994). Self-help for survivors. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 198-218. New York: The Guilford Press.

Young, Val (1994). Women abusers – A feminist view. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 100-113. New York: The Guilford Press.

Some Statistics

According to a major 2004 study commissioned by the U.S. Department of Education - In studies that ask students about offenders, sex differences are less than in adult reports. The 2000 AAUW data indicate that 57.2 percent of all students report a male offender and 42.4 percent a female offender with the Cameron et al. study reporting nearly identical proportions as the 2000 AAUW data (57 percent male offenders vs. 43 percent female offenders).. (Source .PDF Download)

Approximately 95% of all youth reporting staff sexual misconduct said they had been victimized by female staff. In 2008, 42% of staff in state juvenile facilities were female. (Bureau of Justice Report)

More women (58%) than men (42%) are perpetrators of all forms of child maltreatment. (Child Maltreatment: Facts at a Glance CDC)

One in six adult men reported being sexually molested as children, and -- in a surprise finding -- nearly 40 percent of the perpetrators were female, a new study found.

About 27 percent of women and 34 percent of men among the Dunedin study members reported they had been physically abused by their partner. About 37 percent of women and 22 percent of men said they had perpetrated the violence.

UBC Study Challenges Stereotypes of Sexually Exploited Youth: Boys as Likely as Girls to be Exploited

In a study of 17,337 survivors of childhood sexual abuse, 23% had a female-only perpetrator and 22% had both male and female perpetrators. ( Dube, Shanta R et al. “Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse by Gender of Victim.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine. (2005):28(5), p 430 – 438.)

Blog Roll & Links

Blooming Lotus Female Violence - Can we therapists face up to it? Female-Offenders.com - Home Making Daughters Safe Again: Support for Survivors of Mother-daughter sexual abuse MaleSurvivor Men Shouldn't Be Overlooked as Victims of Partner Violence Pri-Med Patient Education Center - Domestic violence: Not always one sided References Examining Assaults By Women On Their Spouses Or Male Partners: An Annotated Bibiliography Shattered Souls-Childhood Sexual Abuse and Incest Stop Abuse For Everyone Whitedovesnest.com Contact Information:

DISCLAIMER

This website is for informational purposes only. It should not be construed as providing either legal advice or mental health advice.

We do the best we can, but we do not make any guarantee about the accuracy of the information. Links to other sites and resources are provided, but this does not constitute an endorsement of them or their content. We do not monitor linked websites.

Throughout this site will appear links to information stored on various web sites and blogs over which the operators and contributors of this blog have no control what-so-ever. These external links are provided for information purposes only and as such the operators and contributors of this blog accept no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy or value of any information provided by external sites to which we link.

The Blog Author is not responsible for, and expressly disclaims all liability for, damages of any kind arising out of use, reference to, or reliance on any information contained within the site.

Nothing published on this site should be construed as a statement of fact regarding guilt or innocence of anyone accused of anything PRIOR to the accused having their day in court which obviously includes a fair and completed trial. In other words all individuals listed on this site are presumed innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.

Frequently the editors, writers and contributors for this blog will post snippets of text and/or graphics obtained from various web sites and/or blogs, the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of criminal justice, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, and social justice issues, etc. We believe this constitutes a ‘fair use’ of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit to those interested in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. Descriptions and verbiage on these pages have not been investigated, nor have the claims made by any third-party.
Source: whataboutwhenmomistheabuser.blogspot.com/p/female-sex-offenders-and-their-victims.html

Men's Recovery


While recovery programs have been around for many years and have large representations of men in them, they, too, have seen themselves as holding no real political stance. While addictions are used to repress the expression of feelings, because of the a-political nature of the recovery movement, it's not always clear for the need to change part of the larger system to allow expression of feelings outside of 12-step meetings. Millions of men have joined mixed and men's only recovery groups on about every addiction you can think of, and have just started to bridge across to other facits of the men's movement for the feeling part. These other facets hold an outlet, experience and understanding of the part feelings play in our lives, how men are set-up in this culture and how to find ways to free the feelings more on a day-to-day, moment-to-moment basis.

For starters, I would recommend that every man, whether in rocovery or not, read and digest Merle Fossum's Men in Rocovery, Finding our Direction previously titled Catching Fire: Men Coming Alive in Recovery followed by The Trickster, Magician & Grieving Man: Reconnecting Men with Earth, by Glen Mazis. (See also Books and Periodicals.)

 

©2017-2023, www.ZeroAttempts.org/sexual-assault.html
  111123

Baron, R. S., Burgess, M. L., & Kao, C. F. (1991). Detecting and labeling prejudice: Do female perpetrators go undetected? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 115-123.

Bear, E. (1993). Inpatient Treatment for Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse: A Summary of Data From 22 Programs. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Beck, A., Harrison, P., and Guerion, P., (2009), Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth, 2008-09. Retrived December, 2010, American Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=2113

Becker, Judith V. (1998). What we know about the characteristics and treatment of adolescents who have committed sexual offenses. Child Maltreatment, 3(4), 317-29.

Becker, Judith V., Hall, Susan, and Stinson, Jill D. (2002). Female sexual offenders: Clinical, legal, and policy issues. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 1(3), 31-53.

Beier, K. M. (2000). Female analogies to perversion. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 26(1), 79-93.

Bell, K. (1999). Female offenders of sexual assault. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 25(3), 241-243.

Belshaw, Scott H (2010). Book Review: Gibson C., & Vandiver, D. M. (2008). Juvenile Sex Offenders: What the Public Needs to Know. Westport, CT: Praeger Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 8, 86-88 (Complete text available at link)

Behrendt, N., Buhl, N., & Seidl, S. (2002). The lethal paraphiliac syndrome: accidental autoerotic deaths in four women and a review of the literature. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 116(3), 148-52.

Blues, Anne, Moffatt, Carole, & Telford, Paula (1999). Work with adolescent females who sexually abuse: Similarities and differences. In Marcus Erooga & Helen C. Masson (eds.), Children and Young People Who Sexually Abuse Others: Challenges and Responses, pp. 168-182. London: Routledge.

Bolton, F. G., Morris, L. A., & MacEachron, A. E. (1989). Males at Risk: The Other Side of Sexual Abuse. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Bordon, T. A., & LaTerz, J. D. (1993). Mother/daughter incest and ritual abuse: The ultimate taboos. Treating Abuse Today, 3(4), 5-8.

Boroughs, D. S. (2004). Female sexual abusers of children. Journal of Children and Youth Services Review, 26(5), 481,487.

Brents, Barbara G. (2010) Sex As Crime? Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 39, 58-59. (Complete article available at link)

Briere J. & Elliott D.M. (2003). Prevalence and psychological sequelae of self-reported childhood physical and sexual abuse in a general population sample of men and women. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27, 1205-1222. (Complete .pdf file at link)

Brinton, Connie, 2000. A Comparison of Sexual Arousal Patterns of Female Sex Offenders and Nonoffenders. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. San Francisco, CA: Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Sexuality.

Brodie, Faith (1992). When the Other Woman Is His Mother: Book One/Boys As Incest Victims and Male Multiple Personality Disorder/for Partners and Professionals. Tacoma, WA: Winged Eagle Press.

Brow, M.E., Knopp, F.H., & Lackey, L.B. (1987). Female Sexual Abusers: A Summary of Data from 44 Treatment Providers. Orwell: Safer Society Press.

Brown, M.E., Hull, L.A., & Panesis, S.K. (1984). Women Who Rape. Boston: Massachusetts Trial Court. [Cited in Mathews, Matthews, & Speltz, 1990; and Syed & Williams, 1996] Available from the National Institute of Corrections library. Accession number 004911. Contact NIC through the web site at http://www.nicic.org/Contact.aspx or call the NIC Information Center at 1-800-877-1461.

Bumby, N. H., & Bumby, K. M. (2004). Bridging the gender gap: Addressing juvenile females who commit sexual offences. In G. O’Reilly, W. L. Marshall, A. Carr, & R. C. Beckett (Eds.), The handbook of clinical intervention with young people who sexually abuse (pp. 369–381). New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.

Bumby, K., & Halstenson Bumby, N. (1997). Adolescent female sex offenders. In B. Schwartz, & H.Cellini, (eds.), The Sex Offender: New Insights, Treatment Innovations and Legal Developments, Vol. II, pp. 10-1 10-16. Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute, Inc.

Bumby, K. M., Halstenson Bumby, N., Burghess, A. W., & Hartman, C. R. (1996). From Victims to Victimizers: Sexually Aggressive Post-Traumatic Responses of Sexually Abused Adolescent Females.

Bunting, L. (2007). Dealing with a problem that doesn't exist? Professional responses to female perpetrated child sexual abuse. Child Abuse Review, 4, 252-267, John Wiley & Sons

Bunting, L. (2005). Females who sexually offend against children: Responses of the child protection and criminal justice systems. NSPCC Policy Practice Research Series. London: NSPCC. (Complete article at link)

Burgess A., Hartman C., McCausland M., & Powers P. (1984). Response patterns in children and adolescents exploited through sex rings and pornography. American Journal of Psychiatry, 14, 656-662

Burket, Lowell E. (1985). Guilt and Moral Judgment in the Juvenile Female Sex Offender: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Unpublished MA thesis. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh.

Busby, D. M., & Compton, S. V. (1997). Patterns of sexual coercion in adult heterosexual relationships: An exploration of male victimization. Family Process, 36(1), 81-94.

Byard, R. W., Hucker, S. J., & Hazelwood, R. R. (1993). Fatal and near-fatal autoerotic asphyxial episodes in women: Characteristic features based on a review of nine cases. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 14(1), 70-3

Byers, E. Sandra (1996). How well does the traditional sexual script explain sexual coercion? Review of a program of research. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 8(1-2), 7-25.

Byers, E. Sandra (1998). Similar but different: Men’s and women’s experiences of sexual coercion. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 144-168. New York:The Guilford Press.

Chasnoff, I. J., Burns. W. J., Schnoll, S. H., Burns, K., Chisum, G., & Kyle-Spore, L. (1986). Maternal-neonatal incest. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 56(4), 577-580.

Chideckel, M. (1935). Female Sex Perversion. Oxford: Eugenics Publishing Co.

Christopher, F. S., Owens, L. A., & Stecker, H. L. (1993). An examination of single men’s and women’s sexual aggressiveness in dating relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 511-527.

Chow, Eva W.C., & Choy, Alberto L., (2002). Clinical characteristics and treatment response to SSRI in a female pedophile. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31(2), 211-215.

Clements-Schreiber, M., Rempel, J., & Desmarais, S. (1998). Women's sexual pressure tactics and adherence to related attitudes: A step toward prediction. Journal of Sex Research, 35(2), 197-205.

Condy, S. R., Templer, D. I., Brown, R., & Veaco, L. (1987). Parameters of sexual contact of boys with women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 16(5), 379-394.

Cook, Nathan E., Barese, Trevor H., Dicataldo, Frank (2010) The Confluence of Mental Health and Psychopathic Traits in Adolescent Female Offenders, Criminal Justice and Behavior 37, 119-135.

Cooper, A. J., Swaminath, S., Baxter, D., & Poulin, C. (1990). A female sex offender with multiple paraphilias: A psychologic, physiologic (laboratory sexual arousal) and endocrine case study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 35(4), 334-337.

Corrections Service of Canada. (2002). Female sex offenders: A review of the literature. Ottawa, Canada: Author.

Craig Shea, M. (1998). When the tables are turned: Verbal sexual coercion among college women. In Peter B. Anderson, & Cindy J. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Cranford, Susan, & Williams, Rose (1998). Critical issues in managing female offenders. Corrections Today, 60(7), 130-135.

Crawford, Colin (1997). Forbidden Femininity: Child Sexual Abuse and Female Sexuality. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Co.

Crockett, L. C. (2001). The deepest wound: How a journey to El Salvador led to healing from motherdaughter incest. Lincoln, NE: Writer’s Showcase.

Davin, Patricia A. (1999). Secrets revealed: A study of female sex offenders. In Patricia A. Davin, Julia C. R. Hislop, & Teresa Dunbar, Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views, pp. 9-134. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Davin, Patricia A., Dunbar, Teresa, & Hislop, Julia (1999). Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views. Brandon, VT, Safer Society Press.

Deering, R. and Mellor, D. (2007) Female-Perpetrated Child Sex Abuse: Definitional and Categorisational Analysis, Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, Vol 14, No 2, pp. 218-226, Australian Academic Press Pty. Ltd., Australia

Deering, Rebecca and Mellor, David. (2009) Sentencing of male and female child sex offenders : Australian study, Psychiatry, psychology and law, pp. 394-412, Australian Academic Press Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, Vic.

Denov, Myriam S. (2001). A culture of denial: Exploring professional perspectives on female sex offending. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 43(3), 303-329.

Denov, Myriam S. (2003). The myth of innocence: Sexual scripts and the recognition of child sexual abuse by female perpetrators. Journal of Sex Research, 40(3), 303-314.

Denov, Mryiam S. (2003). To a Safer Place? Victims of sexual abuse by females and their disclosures to professionals. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(1), 46-61.

Denov, Myriam S. (2004). Perspectives on Female Sex Offending: A Culture of Denial. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Company.

Denov, M., & Cortoni, F. (2006). Women who sexually abuse children. In C. Hilarski & J.S. Wodarski (Eds.), Comprehensive mental health practice with sex offenders and their families (pp. 71-99). Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press.

Dowden, C., & Andrews, D. (1999). What works for female offenders: A meta-analytic review. Crime and Delinquency, 45, 438-452.

Dube, S. R., et al. (2005). Long-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse by gender of victim. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28, 430-438.

Dunbar, Teresa (1993). Women Who Sexually Molest Female Children. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Los Angeles: University of Southern California.

Dunbar, Teresa (1999). Women who sexually molest female children. In Patricia A. Davin, Julia C. R. Hislop, & Teresa Dunbar, Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views, pp. 311-377. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Duncan, Lauren E., & Williams Linda M., (1998). Gender role socialization and male-on-male vs. female-on-male child sexual abuse. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 39(9/10), 765-785.

Eldridge, Hilary (1994). Barbara’s story: A mother who sexually abused. In Michele Elliott, (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 74-87. New York: The Guilford Press.

Eldridge, Hilary, & Saradjian, Jacqui (2000). Replacing the function of abusive behaviors for the offender: Remaking relapse prevention in working with women who sexually abuse children. In D.R. Laws, S.M. Hudson & T. Ward (Eds.), Remaking Relapse Prevention with Sex Offenders: A Sourcebook, pp. 402-426. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Eldridge, H., Elliott, I. A., & Ashfield, S. (2009). Assessment of women who sexually abuse children. In M.C. Calder (Ed.), Sexual abuse assessments: Using and developing frameworks for practice (pp. 213-227). London: Russell House Publishing.

Ellerstein, N., & Canavan, W., (1980). Sexual abuse of boys. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 134, 255-257.

Elliot, D., & Briere, J. (1994). Forensic sexual abuse evaluations of older children – Disclosures and symptomology. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 12(3), 261-277.

Elliott, A. J. & Peterson, L. W. (1993). Maternal sexual abuse of male children: When to suspect and how to uncover it. Postgraduate Medicine, 94(1), 169-180.

Elliott, Michele (ed.) (1994). Female Sexual Abuse of Children. New York: The Guilford Press.

Elliott, Michele (1994). What survivors tell us – An overview. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 5-13. New York: The Guilford Press

Ellis, Lee (1998). Why some sexual assaults are not committed by men: A biosocial analysis. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman- Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 105-118. New York: The Guilford Press.

Erooga, Marcus, & Masson, Helen C. (eds.) (1999). Children and Young People Who Sexually Abuse Others: Challenges and Responses. London: Routledge.

Etherington, Kim (1999). Maternal sexual abuse of males. Child Abuse Review, 6(2), 107-117.

Evert, Kathy (1987). When You're Ready. A Woman's Healing from Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse by Her Mother. Walnut Creek, CA: Launch Press.

Faller, K. C. (1987). Women who sexually abuse victims. Violence & Victims, 2(4), 263-276.

Faller, K.C. (1989). Characteristics of a clinical sample of sexually abused children: How boys and girl victims differ. Child Abuse and Neglect, 13, 281-291.

Faller, K. C. (1991). Polyincestuous families: An exploratory study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 6(3), 310-322.

Fedoroff, J. Paul, & Fishell, Alicja (1999). Paraphilic and other unconventional sexual disorders in girls and women. In E. M. Palace (ed.), Women’s Health: A Behavioral Medicine Approach. Oxford: Oxford Press.

Fedoroff, J. Paul, Fishell, Alicja, & Fedoroff, Beverly (1999). A case series of women evaluated for paraphilic sexual disorders. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 8(2), 127-139.

Fehlow, P. (1975). [The female sexual delinquent.] Psychiatrie, Neurologie und medizinishche Psychologie (Leipz), 27(10), 612-618.

Fehrenbach, P. A. & Monastersky, C. (1988). Characteristics of female adolescent sexual offenders. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 58(1), 148-151.

Fiebert, M. S., & Tucci, M. (1998). Sexual coercion: Men victimized by women. Journal of Men's Studies, 6(2), 127-133.

Finch, S.M. (1973). Sexual abuse by mothers. Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality, 7(1), 191.

Finkelhor, D., & Russell, D. (1984). Women as perpetrators: Review of the evidence. In D. Finkelhor (ed.), Child Sexual Abuse: New Theory and Research, pp. 171-187. New York: Free Press.

Finkelhor, D., Williams, L. M., & Burns, N. (1988). Nursery crimes: Sexual abuse in day care. Newbury Park, CA: Sage

FitzRoy, L. (1997). Mother/daughter rape: A challenge for feminism. In S. Cook & J. Bessant (Eds.), Women’s encounters with violence: Australian experiences (pp. 40-54). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

FitzRoy, Lee (1998). Offending mothers: Theorising in a feminist minefield.

FitzRoy, Lee (1998). Offending women: Conversations with workers.

Flinck, Aune, Paavilainen, Eija (2010). Women's Experiences of Their Violent Behavior in an Intimate Partner Relationship. Qual Health Res 20, 306-318.

Flowers, Ronald B. (1995). Female Crime, Criminals, and Cellmates: An Exploration of Female Criminality and Delinquency. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.

Forbes, J. (1992). Female sexual abusers: The contemporary search for equivalence. Practice, 6, 102-111. (Complete article in .pdf format at link)

Ford, H. (2006). Women who sexually abuse children. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.

Freel, Mike (1995). Women Who Sexually Abuse Children. Norwich: Social Work Monographs, University of East Anglia.

Freeman, Naomi J., Sandler, Jeffrey C. (2008). Female and Male Sex Offenders: A Comparison of Recidivism Patterns and Risk Factors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 1394-1413

Frey, L.L. (2006). Girls don’t do that, do they? Adolescent females who sexually abuse. In R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott (Eds.), Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems (pp. 255-272). Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.

Gabbard, Glen O., Twemlow, Stuart W. (1994). The Role of Mother-Son Incest in The Pathogenesis of Narcissistic Personality Disorder. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 42, 171-189.

Gallop, R. (1998). Abuse of power in the nurse-client relationship. Nursing Standard, 12(37), 43-47.

Gannon, T. A., & Rose, M. R. (2008). Female child sexual offenders: Towards, integrating theory and practice. Aggression and Violent behaviour, 21, 194-207.

Gannon, T. A., & Rose, M. R., & Ward, T. (2008). A descriptive model of the offence process for female sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 20, 352-374.

Gannon, T. A., & Rose, M. R. (2009). Offense-Related Interpretative Bias in Female Child Molesters: A Preliminary Study. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 2009 21: 194-207

Giguere, R., & Bumby, K. (2007). Female sex offenders [Policy and Practice Brief]. Center for Sex Offender Management, USA. (Complete article in .pdf format at link)

Girshick, Lori B. (2002). Woman-to-Woman Sexual Violence: Does She Call It Rape? Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.

Goldman, Laurie L. (1993). Female Sex Offenders: Societal Avoidance of Comprehending the Phenomenon of Women Who Sexually Abuse Children. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology. (University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI)

Goodwin, J., & DiVasto, P. (1979). Mother–daughter incest. Child Abuse & Neglect, 3, 953-957.

Goodwin, J., & DiVasto, P. (1989). Female homosexuality: A sequel to mother-daughter incest. In J. M. Goodwin (ed.), Sexual Abuse: Incest Victims and Their Families, pp. 140-146, 2nd ed. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc.

Gray, A., Busconi, A., Houchens, P. & Pithers, W. D. (1997). Children with sexual behavior problems and their caregivers: Demographics, functioning, and clinical patterns. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9(4), 267-90.

Gray, Janice L. (1992). From the Data of Therapists: An Exploratory Study of Adult Females Who Sexually Molest Children. Unpublished MSW thesis. Long Beach, CA: California State University.

Grayston, Alana D., & De Luca, Rayleen V. (1999). Female perpetrators of child sexual abuse: A review of the clinical and empirical literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 4(1), 1999, 93-106.

Green, A.H., & Kaplan, M. (1994). Psychiatric impairment and childhood victimization experiences in female child molesters. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 954-961.

Green, Arthur H. (1999). Female sex offenders. In Jon A. Shaw (ed.), Sexual Aggression, pp. 195-210. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Green, Jonathan (2000). The last taboo. Marie Claire UK, March.

Grier, P. E., & Clark, M. A. (1987). Female sexual offenders in a prison setting. Unpublished, manuscript. St. Louis, MO: Behavioral Sciences Institute, Inc. [Cited in Mathews, Matthews, & Speltz, 1990.]

Grier, P. E., Clark, M., & Stoner, S. B. (1993). Comparative study of personality traits of female sex offenders. Psychological Reports, 73, 1378.

Grob, C. S. (1985). Single case study: Female exhibitionism. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173(4), 253-256.

Grossman , L. (1992). An example of "character perversion" in a woman. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 61(4), 581-9.

Hannon, Roseann, Hall, David S., Nash, Holl, Forman, Jean, & Hopson, Tina (2000). Judgements regarding sexual aggression as a function of sex of aggressor and victim. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 43(5-6), 311-322.

Harper, J. F. (1993). Prepubteral male victims of incest: A clinical study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 17(3), 419-421.

Harrison, H. (1994). Female abusers - what children and young people have told Childline. In M. Elliott (Ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 89-92. New York: The Guilford Press.

Hensley, Christopher, Tallichet, Suzanne E., Dutkiewicz, Erik L. (2010) Childhood Bestiality: A Potential Precursor to Adult Interpersonal Violence. J Interpers Violence 25, 557-567

Hetherton, J. & Beardsall, L. (1988). Decisions and attitudes concerning child sexual abuse: Does the gender of the perpetrator make a difference to child protection professionals? Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(12), 1265-1283.

Hetherton, J. (1999). The idealization of women: Its role in the minimization of child sexual abuse by females. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23, 161-174.

Herman-Giddens, M. E., & Berson, N. L. (1989). Harmful genital care practices in children: A type of child abuse. JAMA, 261(4), 577-579.

Higgs, D. C., Canavan, M. M. & Meyer, W. J. III (1992). Moving from defense to offence: The development of an adolescent female sex offender. Journal of Sex Research, 29(1), 131-139.

Hindman, J. (1989). Just Before Dawn. Baker City, OR: Alexandria Associates.

Hislop, Julia C. R. (1999). Female child molesters. In Patricia A. Davin, Julia C. R. Hislop, & Teresa Dunbar, Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views, pp. 135-310. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press

Hislop, Julia (2001). Female Sex Offenders: What Therapists, Law Enforcement and Child Protection Services Need to Know. Ravensdale, WA: Idyll Arbor, Inc.

Hollender, M. H., Brown, W., & Roback, H. B. (1977). Genital exhibitionism in women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134 (4), 436-438.

Howitt, Dennis (1995). Paedophiles and Sexual Offenses Against Children. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Hull, L. A., & Panesis, S. K. (1984). Women Who Rape. Boston: Massachusetts Trial Court.

Hunter, J. A., Lexier, L.. J., Goodwin, D.W., Browne, P.A., & Dennis, C. (1993). Psychosexual, attitudinal, and developmental characteristics of juvenile female perpetrators in a residential treatment setting. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 2, 317- 326.

Hunter, John A., & Mathews, Ruth (1997). Sexual deviance in females. In Richard D. Laws & William O’Donohue (eds.), Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment, pp. 465-480. New York: The Guilford Press.

Hunter, J. A., Becker, J. V., & Lexier, L. J. (2006). The female juvenile sex offender. In H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed.) (pp. 148–165). New York: Guilford Press.

Hunter, Kate (1994). Helping survivors through counseling. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 37-46. New York: The Guilford Press.

Impett, Emily A., & Peplau, Letitia A. (2003). Sexual compliance: Gender, motivational, and relationship perspectives. Journal of Sex Research, 40(1), 87-100.

Jennings, K. T. (1994). Female child molesters: A review of the literature. In M. Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 219-234. New York: The Guilford Press.

Johnson, R. L., & Schrier, D. (1987). Past sexual victimization by females of male patients in an adolescent medicine clinic population. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144(5), 650-652.

Johnson, T. C. (1988). Child perpetrators: Children who molest other children, preliminary findings. Child Abuse and Neglect, 12, 219-229.

Johnson, T. C. (1989). Female child perpetrators: Children who molest other children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 13, 571-585.

Johansson-Love, J., & Fremouw, W. (2006). A critique of the female sexual perpetrator research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 12-26.

Kalders, Astrid, Inkster, Helen, & Britt, Eileen (1997). Females who offend sexually against children in New Zealand. The Journal of Sexual Aggression. 3(1), 15-29.

Kaplan, M.S., & Green, A. (1995). Incarcerated female sex offenders: A comparison of sexual histories with eleven female nonsexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 7, 287-300.

Kasl, Charlotte S. (1990). Female perpetrators of sexual abuse: A feminist view. In M. Hunter (Ed.), The Sexually Abused Male. Prevalence, Impact, and Treatment, Vol. 1. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

Kaufman, K. L., Wallace, A. M., Johnson, C. F., & Reeder, M. L. (1995). Comparing female and male perpetrators’ modus operandi: Victims’ reports of sexual abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10(3), 322-333.

Kelley, Susan J., Brant, R., & Waterman, J. (1993). Sexual abuse of children in day care centers. Child Abuse & Neglect, 17, 71-89.

Kendall-Tackett, Kathleen A., & Simon, Arthur F. (1987). Perpetrators and their acts: Data from 365 adults molested as children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 11, 237-45.

Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. R., Martin, C. E., and Gebhard, P. H. (1953). Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders.

Knopp, F. H. & Lackey, L. B. (1987). Female Sexual Abusers: A Summary of Data from 44 Treatment Providers. Orwell, VT: The Safer Society Press.

Koonin, Renee (1995). Breaking the last taboo: Child sexual abuse by female perpetrators. Australian Social Work 30(2), 195-210.

Krahe, Barbara, Scheinberger-Olwig, Renate, & Kolpin, Susanne (2000). Ambiguous communication of sexual intentions as a risk marker of sexual aggression. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 42(5-6), 313-337.

Krahe, Barbara, Waizenhofer, Eva, Moller, Ingrid (2003). Women’s sexual aggression against men: Prevalence and predictors. Sex Roles, 49(5-6), 219-232.

Krug, R. S. (1989). Adult male reports of childhood sexual abuse by mothers: Case descriptions, motivations and long-term consequences. Child Abuse and Neglect, 13, 111-119.

Kubik, E. K., Hecker, J. E., & Righthand, S. (2002). Adolescent females who have sexually offended: Comparisons with delinquent adolescent female offenders and adolescent males who sexually offended. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 11(3), 63-83.

Lambert, S., & O’Halloran, E. (2008). Deductive thematic analysis of a female paedophilia website. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, Vol 15, No. 2, 284-300

Lane, Sandy, & Lobanov-Rostovsky, Chris (1997). Special populations: Children, females, the developmentally disabled, and violent youth. In Gail Ryan & Sandy Lane (eds.), Juvenile Sexual Offending: Causes, Consequences and Correction, pp. 322- 359. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Larimer, M., Lydum, A., Anderson, B., & Turner, A. (1999). Male and female recipients of unwanted sexual contact in a college student sample: Prevalence rates, alcohol use, and depression symptoms. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 40, 295-308.

Larson, Noel R., & Maison, Sally R. (1987). Psychosexual Treatment Program for Female Sex Offenders: Training Manual. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Department of Corrections, Minnesota Correctional Facility-Stillwater. Sponsored by the National Institute of Corrections, Grant No. NIC-GJ-6. Available from the National Institute of Corrections library. Accession number 006302. Contact through the web site at http://www.nicic.org/Contact.aspx or call the NIC Information Center at 1-800-877-1461.

Larson, Noel R., & Maison, Sally R. (1995). Psychosexual treatment program for women sex offenders in a prison setting. Acta Sexologica, 1(1), 81-113.

Laury, G. V. (1992). When women sexually abuse male psychiatric patients under their care. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 18 (1), 11-16.

Lawson, C. (1991). Clinical assessment of mother-son sexual abuse. Clinical Social Work Journal, 19(4), 391-403.

Lawson, Christine (1993). Mother-son sexual abuse: Rare or under-reported? A critique of the research. Child Abuse & Neglect, 17(2), 261-269.

Lev, A. I., & Lev, S. (1999). Sexual assault in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered communities. In J. C. McClennen & J. Gunther (Eds.), A Professional's Guide to Understanding Gay and Lesbian Domestic Violence: Understanding Practice Interventions, pp. 35-61. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen.

Levesque, R. J. R. (1994). Sex differences in the experience of child sexual victimization. Journal of Family Violence, 9, 357-369.

Levine, Kay L. (2006). No Penis, No Problem. Fordham Urban Law Journal, Emory Public Law Research Paper No. 05-37.

Lewis, Catherine F., & Stanley, Charlotte R. (2000). Women accused of sexual offenses. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 18(1), 73-81.

Lipshires, Lisa (1994). Female perpetration of child sexual abuse: An overview of the problem. Moving Forward Newsjournal, 2(6). (Complete article at link)

Lombroso, C., & Ferrero, W. (1895). The female offender. London: T. Fisher Unwin.

Longdon, Cianne (1994). A survivor and therapist’s viewpoint. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 47-56. New York: The Guilford Press.

Lottes, I. L. (1991). The relationship between nontraditional gender roles and sexual coercion. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 4(4), 89-109.

Lukianowicz, N. (1972). Incest: I Paternal incest: II other types of incest. British Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 301-313.

Macchietto, John G. (1998). Treatment issues of adult male victims of female sexual aggression. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 187-204. New York: The Guilford Press.

MacHover, F., & Wieckowski, E. (1992). The 10FC Ten-Factor Continua of classification and treatment criteria for male and female sex offenders. Medical Psychotherapy, 5, 53-63.

Making Daughters Safe Again (2002). Female perpetrated sexual abuse: Redefining the construct of sexual abuse and challenging beliefs about human sexuality. Available on the Mother-Daughter Sexual Abuse web page at http://mdsasupport.homestead.com/ra.html

Margolin, L. (1986). The effects of mother-son incest. Lifestyles: A Journal of Changing Patterns.

Margolin, L. (1990). Child abuse by baby-sitters: An ecological interactional interpretation. Journal of Family Violence, 5 (2), 95-105.

Margolin, L. (1991). Abuse and neglect in nonparental child care: A risk assessment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 694-704.

Margolin, L. (1991). Child sexual abuse by nonrelated caregivers. Child Abuse & Neglect, 15, 213-221.

Margolin, L., & Craft, J. L. (1990). Child abuse by adolescent caregivers. Child Abuse and Neglect, 14 (3), 365-373.

Margolis, M. (1977). A preliminary report of a case of consummated mother-son incest. Annual of Psychoanalysis, 5, 267-293.

Margolis, M. (1984). A case of mother-adolescent son incest: A follow-up study. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 53, 355-385.

Marvasti, J. (1986). Incestuous mothers. American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 7, 63-69.

Mathews, Ruth (1987g). Female Sexual Offenders: Treatment and Legal Issues. Orwell, VT: The Safer Society Press.

Mathews, R., Hunter, J. A., & Vuz, J. (1997). Juvenile female sexual offenders: Clinical characteristics and treatment issues. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9(3), 187-199.

Mathews, Ruth, Matthews, Jane Kinder, & Speltz, Kathleen (1989). Female Sexual Offenders: An Exploratory Study. Orwell, VT: Safer Society Press.

Mathews, Ruth, Matthews, Jane Kinder, & Speltz, Kathleen (1990). Female sexual offenders. In M. Hunter (ed.), The Sexually Abused Male: Prevalence, Impact and Treatment, Vol. 1, pp. 275-293. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

Mathis, R. (1982). Mother-child incest: Characteristics of the offender. Child Welfare, 65, 447-458.

Matravers, Amanda (1998). Women sex offenders: An exploratory study. Prison Research and Development Bulletin, 6.

Matthews, J. (1998). An 11-year perspective of working with female sexual offenders. In W. L. Marshall, T. Ward, & S. M. Hudson (Eds.), Sourcebook of treatment programs for sexual offenders (pp. 259-272). New York, NY: Plenum Press.

Mathews, R., Hunter, J. A., & Vuz, J. (1997). Juvenile female sexual offenders: Clinical characteristics and treatment issues. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9, 187-199.

Matthews, Jane Kinder (1994). Working with female sexual abusers. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 57-73. New York: The Guilford Press

Mathews, R. (1993). Preliminary typology of female sex offenders. In Safer Society (Ed.), Information packet: Female sexual abusers. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Matthews, Jane Kinder, Mathews, Ruth, & Speltz, Kathleen (1991). Female sexual offenders: A typology. In M.Q. Patton (ed.), Family Sexual Abuse: Frontline Research and Evaluation, pp. 199-219. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Mayer, Adele (1992). Women Sex Offenders: Treatment and Dynamics. Holmes Beach, FL: Learning Publications, Inc.

Mayer, Adele (1993). Adult female incest offenders: Treatment considerations. Treating Abuse Today, 3(6), 21-26.

McCartan, Lisa M., Gunnison, Elaine. (2009). Individual and Relationship Factors That Differentiate Female Offenders With and Without a Sexual Abuse History, J Interpers Violence.

McCarthy, D. (1981). Women Who Rape. Unpublished manuscript

McCarty, L.M. (1986). Mother-child incest: Characteristics of the offender. Child Welfare, 65(5), 447-458.

McClay, Robin (1999). Female Sex Offenders: A Comparative Study of Beliefs and Attitudes of Mental Health Graduate Students and Nonmental Health Graduate Students. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. San Francisco, CA: Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Sexuality.

Miccio-Gonseca, L.C. (2000). Adult and adolescent female sex offenders: Experiences compared to other female and male sex offenders. In Eli Coleman & Michael Miner (eds.), Sexual Offender Treatment: Biopsychosocial Perspectives, pp. 75-88. New York: The Haworth Press. (Also published in Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 11(3), 75-88.)

Miletski, Hani (1999). Mother-Son Incest: The Unthinkable Broken Taboo. Brandon, VT: The Safer Society Press.

Miller, D., Trapani, C., Fejes,-Mendoza, K., Eggleston, C., & Dwiggins, D. (1995). Adolescent female offenders: Unique considerations. Adolescence, 30, 429-435. (Complete article at link)

Miller, Holly A., Turner, Kim, Henderson, Craig E. (2009) Psychopathology of Sex Offenders: A Comparison of Males and Females Using Latent Profile Analysis, Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36: 778-792

Mitchell, Juliann, Morse, Jill, & Whetsell Mitchell, Juliann (1997). From Victim to Survivor: Women Survivors of Female Perpetrators. London: Taylor & Francis.

Motz, Anna (2001). Female sexual abuse of children. In Anna Motz (ed.), The Psychology of Female Violence: Crimes Against the Body, pp. 15-58. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis.

Muehlenhard, C. L. (1998). The importance and danger of studying sexually aggressive women. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 19-48. New York: The Guilford Press.

Muehlenhard, C.L., & Cook, S.W. (1988). Men’s self-reports of unwanted sexual activity. Journal of Sex Research, 24, 58-72.

Muehlenhard, C. L., & Kimes, L. A. (1999). The social construction of violence: The case of sexual and domestic violence. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 234-245.

Nathan, Pamela, & Ward, Tony (2001). Female sex offenders: Assessment and treatment issues. Psychiatry, Psychology, & Law, 8, 44-55.

Nathan, Pamela, & Ward, Tony (2001). Female sex offenders: Clinical and demographic features. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 8(1), 5-21.

Nathan, P., & Ward, T. (2002). Female sex offenders: Clinical and demographic features. The Journal of Sexual Aggression, 8, 5-21.

National Center on Sexual Behavior of Youth (January 2004). NCSBY Fact Sheet: What Research Shows About Female Adolescent Sex Offenders. Available at http://www.ncsby.org/pages/publications/Female%20ASO%20041504.pdf

O’Connor, A.A. (1987). Female sex offenders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 615-620.

Office of the Under Secretary (2004). Educator Sexual Misconduct: A Synthesis of Existing Literature. Washington, DC. Available at http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/research/pubs/misconductreview/report.pdf

Ogilvie, B., & Daniluk, J. (1995). Common themes in the experiences of mother-daughter incest survivors: Implications for counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 598-602.

Okonkwo, J. E., & Ibeh, C. C. (2003). Female sexual assault in Nigeria. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 83(3), 325-326.

Oliver, Brian E. (2007) Preventing Female-Perpetrated Sexual Abuse. Trauma Violence Abuse, 8. 19-32

O’Shea, Kathleen A., & Fletcher, Beverly R. (1997). Female Offenders: An Annotated Bibliography. Research and Bibliographical Guides in Criminal Justice, No. 5. Westport, CT: Greenwood.

O'Sullivan, L. F., Byers, E. S., Finkelman, L. (1998). A comparison of male and female college student's experiences of sexual coercion. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22(2), 177-195.

Pearson, Patricia (1997). When She Was Bad: Violent Women & the Myth of Innocence. New York: Viking Press.

Peluso, E., & Putnam, N. (1996). Case study: Sexual abuse of boys by females. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(1), 51-54.

Peter, Tracey. (2006). Mad, Bad, or Victim? Making Sense of Mother–Daughter Sexual Abuse. Feminist Criminology, 1, 283 - 302

Peter, Tracey. (2008). Speaking About the Unspeakable. Exploring the Impact of Mother Daughter Sexual Abuse. Violence Against Women, 9, 1033-1053.

Peter, Tracey. (2009). Exploring Taboos: Comparing Male and Female Perpetrated Child Sexual Abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 7, 1111 – 1128

Petrovich, M. & Templer, D. I. (1984). Heterosexual molestation of children who later become rapists. Psychological Reports, 54, 810.

Plummer, K. (1981). Pedophilia: Constructing a psychological baseline. In M. Cook & K. Howells (Eds.), Adult Sexual Interest in Children. London: Academic Press.

Pothast, Henry L., & Allen, Craig M. (1994). Masculinity and femininity in male and female perpetrators of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18(9), 763-767.

Pozzulo, Joanna D., Dempsey, Julie, Maeder, Evelyn, Allen, Laura. (2010) The Effects of Victim Gender, Defendant Gender, and Defendant Age on Juror Decision Making. Criminal Justice and Behavior 37, 47-63.

Ramsey-Klawsnik, H. (1990). Sexual abuse by female perpetrators: Impact on children. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Child Victimization. Tyler, TX: Family Violence and Sexual Assault Institute.

Ray, Jo Ann, & English, Diana J. (1995). Comparison of female and male children with sexual behavior problems. Journal of Youth and Adolesence, 24(4), 439-450.

Reinhart, M. A. (1987). Sexually abused boys. Child Abuse & Neglect, 11(2), 229-235.

Righthand, Sue and Welch, Caralann (2001). Juveniles Who Have Offended Sexually: A Review of the Professional Literature. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Available at http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/ojjdp/184739.pdf

Risin, L. I., & Koss, M. P. (1987). The sexual abuse of boys: Prevalence and descriptive characteristics of childhood victimizations. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2(3), 309-323.

Robinson, Susan L. (2002). Growing Beyond: A Workbook for Teenage Girls. Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.

Robinson, Susan L. (2002). Treatment Manual. Growing Beyond: A Workbook for Sexually Abusive Teenage Girls. Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.

Robson, Marilyn (1996). An overview of the literature about female sexual offending. Social Work Review, 6, September. (Complete article available in .pdf format at link)

Rosencrans, Bobbie, Bear, Euon (1997). The Last Secret: Daughters Sexually Abused by Mothers. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Rosner, R., Wiederlight, M., Wieczorek, R. R. (1985). Forensic psychiatric evaluations of women accused of felonies: A three-year descriptive study. Journal of Forensic Science, 30(3), 721-729.

Rowan, E. L., Langelier, P., & Rowan, J. B. (1988). Female pedophiles. Corrective and Social Psychiatry and Journal of Behavior Technology Methods and Therapy, 34(3), 17-20.

Rowan, E. L., Rowan, J. B., & Langelier, P. (1990). Women who molest children. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 18, 79-83.

Roys, D. T. (1996). Psychoeducational Curriculum for Adult Female Sex Offenders. Atlanta, GA: Highland Institute for Behavioral Change.

Rudin, Margaret M., Zalewski, Christine, & Bodmer-Turner, Jeffrey (1995). Characteristics of child sexual abuse victims according to perpetrator gender. Child Abuse & Neglect 19(8), 963-73.

Russell, Brenda L., & Oswald, Debra L. (2001). Strategies and dispositional correlates of sexual coercion perpetrated by women: An exploratory investigation. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 45(1-2), 103-115.

Russell, D. (1986). Female incest perpetrators: How do they differ from males, and why are there so few? In D. Russell, The Secret Trauma: Incest in the Lives of Girls and Women. New York: Basic Books.

Russell, D., & Finkelhor, D. (1984). The gender gap among perpetrators of child sexual abuse. In D. Russell (ed.) Sexual Exploitation: Rape, Child Sexual Abuse, and Workplace Harassment, pp. 215-31. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Ryan, Gail, & Grayson, Joanne (1989). Female sex offenders. Interchange: Cooperative Newsletter of the Adolescent Perpetrator Network, June.

Sandler, Jeffrey C., Freeman, Naomi J. (2007). Topology of Female Sex Offenders: A Test of Vandiver and Kercher. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 19, 73-89.

Sandler, Jeffrey C., Freeman, Naomi J. (2009). Female Sex Offender Recidivism: A Large-Scale Empirical Analysis. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 21, 455-473.

Saradjian, J., & Hanks, H. (1996). Women Who Sexually Abuse Children: From Research to Clinical Practice. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Sarrel, P. M. & Masters, W.H. (1982). Sexual molestation of men by women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 11(2), 117-131.

Scavo, R.R. (1989). Female adolescent sex offenders: A neglected treatment group. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 70(2), 114-117.

Schwartz, Barbara K., & Cellini, Henry R. (1995). Female sex offenders. In Barbara K. Schwartz & Henry R. Cellini (eds.), The Sex Offender: Corrections, Treatment and Legal Practice, Vol. 1., pp. 5-1 – 5-22. Kingston, N.J.: Civic Research Press, Inc.

Schwartz, M. F. (1991). Victim to Victimizer. Professional Counselor, 43-46.

Sgroi, Suzanne, & Sargent, Nora, M. (1994). Impact and treatment issues for victims of childhood sexual abuser by female perpetrators. In Michele Elliott, (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 14-36. New York: The Guilford Press.

Shea, Mary E. Craig (1998). When the tables are turned: Verbal sexual coercion among college women. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 94-104. New York: The Guilford Press.

Shelden, V.E. & Shelden, R.G. (1989). Sexual abuse of males by females: the problem, treatment modality, and case example. Family Therapy, 16(3), 249-58.

Shengold, L. S. (1980). Some reflections on a case of mother/adolescent son incest. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 61, 461-476.

Simmons, Rachel (2003). Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls. Fort Washington, PA: Harvest Books.

Smith, R. E., Pine, C. J., & Hawley, M. E. (1988). Social cognitions about adult male victims of female sexual assault. Journal of Sex Research, 24, 101--112.

Snyder, H. (2000, July), Sexual assault of young children as reported to law enforcement: Victim, incident, and offender characteristics. Retrived December, 2002, American Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/312-314

Song, L., Lieb, R., & Donnelly, S. (1993). Female Sex Offenders in Washington State. Washington: Washington State Institute for Public Policy. (Complete report available at link)

Stock, Wendy (1998). Women’s sexual coercion of men: A feminist analysis. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 169-184. New York: The Guilford Press.

Strickland, S. (2008). Female Sex Offenders: Exploring Issues of Personality, Trauma, and Cognitive Distortions. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 474-489.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy (1988). Forced sex on dates: It happens to men, too. Journal of Sex Research, 24, 234-241.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy (1991). Male victims of acquaintance rape. In A. L. Parrot, & L. Bechhofer (eds.), Acquaintance Rape: The Hidden Crime, pp. 192-214. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, & Anderson, Peter B. (1998). “Men do and women don’t”: Difficulties in researching sexually aggressive women. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 9-18. New York: The Guilford Press.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy & Struckman-Johnson, David (1994). Men pressured and forced into sexual experience. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 23(1), 93-114.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, & Struckman-Johnson, David (1997). Men’s reactions to forceful sexual advances from women: The role of sexual standards, relationship availability, and the beauty bias. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 37(5-6), 319-334.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, & Struckman-Johnson, David (1998). The dynamics and impact of sexual coercion of men by women. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 121-143. New York: The Guilford Press.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, Struckman-Johnson, David (2001). Men’s reactions to female sexual coercion. Psychiatric Times, XVII(3).

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, & Struckman-Johnson, David (2002). Sexual coercion reported by women in three Midwestern prisons. Journal of Sex Research 39(3), 217-227

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, Struckman-Johnson, David, & Anderson, P. B. (2003). Tactics of sexual coercion: When men and women won’t take no for an answer. Journal of Sex Research, 40(1), 76-86.

Syed, Fariyam, & Williams, Sharon (1996). Case studies of female sex offenders in the Correctional Service of Canada. Ottawa, ON: Correctional Services of Canada. (Complete article at link)

Tardif, M., Auclair, N., Jacob, M., & Carpentier, J. (2005). Sexual abuse perpetrated by adult and juvenile females: An ultimate attempt to resolve a conflict associated with maternal identity. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29, 153-167.

Taylor, Terri (2001). Treating Female Sex Offenders and Standards for Education and Training in Marriage & Family Therapy Programs. Unpublished MSc Research Paper. Menomonie, WI: University of Wisconsin-Stout. Available at http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001taylort.pdf

Travin, S., Cullen, K., & Protter, B. (1990). Female sex offenders: Severe victims and victimizers. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 35(1), 140-150.

Turner, Kim, Miller, Holly A., Henderson, Craig E. (2008). Latent Profile Analyses of Offense and Personality Characteristics in a Sample of Incarcerated Female Sexual Offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35: 879-894

Turner, Macia T., & Turner, Tracey N. (1994). Female Adolescent Sexual Abusers: An Exploratory Study of Mother-Daughter Dynamics with Implications for Treatment. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Van Voorhis, Patricia, Wright, Emily M., Salisbury, Emily, Bauman, Ashley. (2010). Women's Risk Factors and Their Contributions to Existing Risk/Needs Assessment: The Current Status of a Gender-Responsive Supplement. Criminal Justice and Behavior 37, 261-288

Vander Mey, B. J. (1988). The sexual victimization of male children: A review of previous research. Child Abuse & Neglect, 12(1), 61-72.

Vandiver, Donna M., & Walker, Jeffrey T. (2002). Female sex offenders: An overview and analysis of 40 cases. Criminal Justice Review, 27(2), 284-300.

Vandiver, D., & Kercher, G. (2004). Offender and victim characteristics of registered female sexual offenders in Texas: A proposed typology of female sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, 121-137. 

Vandiver, D. (2006). Female sex offenders: A comparison of solo offenders and co-offenders. Violence and Victims, 21, 339-354.

Vandiver, Donna M., Teske, Raymond, Jr. (2006). Juvenile Female and Male Sex Offenders: A Comparison of Offender, Victim, and Judicial Processing Characteristics. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 50, 148-165.

Van Waters, M. (1951). Rehabilitation of women sex offenders. Journal of Social Hygiene, 37(5), 935-940.

Van Wormer, Katherine S. (2001). Counseling Female Offenders and Victims: A Strengths Restorative Approach. New York: Springer Publishers.

Vick, Jennifer, McRoy, Ruth, & Matthews, Bobbie M. (2002). Young female sex offenders: Assessment and treatment issues. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 11(2), 1-23.

Wahl, C. W. (1960). The psychodynamics of consummated maternal incest: A report of two cases. Archives of General Psychiatry,3, 96-101

Wakefield, Holida, & Underwager, Ralph. (1991). Female child sexual abusers: A critical review of the literature. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 9(4), 45-69. Available at http://www.ipt-forensics.com/library/female.htm

Wakefield, Hollida, Rogers, Martha, & Underwager, Ralph (1990). Female sexual abusers: A theory of loss. Issues in Child Abuse Accusations, 2(4), 191-195. Available on the World Wide Web at http://www.ipt-forensics.com/journal/volume2/j2_4_1.htm

Waldner-Haugrud, Lisa K. (1999). Sexual coercion in lesbian and gay relationships: A review and critique. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 4 (2), 139-149.

Waldner-Haugrud, Lisa K. & Magruder, B. (1995). Male and female sexual victimization in dating relationships: Gender differences in coercion techniques and outcomes. Violence and Victims, 10(3), 203-215.

Waldner-Haugrud, Lisa K. and Vaden Gratch, Linda, (1997). Sexual coercion in gay/lesbian relationships: Descriptives and gender differences. Violence and Victims, 12(1), 87-98.

Waldner-Haugrud, Lisa K., Vaden Gratch, Linda, & Magruder, B. (1997). Victimization and perpetration rates of violence in gay and lesbian relationships: Gender issues explored. Violence and Victims, 12 (2), 173-184.

Warren, Janet I., & Hislop, Julia (2001). Female sex offenders: A typological and etiological overview. In Robert R. Hazelwood & Ann Wolbert Burgess (eds.), Practical Aspects of Rape Investigation: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 3rd edition, pp. 421-434. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Waterman, C. K., Dawson, M. A., & Gologna, M. J. (1989). Sexual coercion in gay male and lesbian relationships: Predictors of gay rape. Journal of Sex Research, 26(1), 118-124.

Watkins, B., and Bentovim, A. (2000). Male children and adolescents as victims: A review of current knowledge. In Mezey, G. C., and King, M. B. (eds.), Male Victims of Sexual Assault, 2nd edition, pp. 35-78. New York: Oxford University Press.

Weizmann-Henelius, G., Viemero, V., & Eronen, M. (2003). The violent female perpetrator and her victim. Forensic Science International, 133(3), 197-203.

Weldon, E. V. (1990). Women who sexually abuse children. British Medical Journal, 300(6738), 1527-1528.

West, D. J., & Woodhouse, T. P. (eds.) (1993). Children’s Sexual Encounter with Adults: A Scientific Study Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books.

Whetsell-Mitchell, Juliann, & Morse, Jill (1998). From Victims to Survivors: Reclaimed Voices of Women Sexually Abused in Childhood by Females. Washington, DC: Accelerated Development.

White, J. W., & Humphrey, J. A. (1994). Women's aggression in heterosexual conflicts. Aggressive Behavior, 20, 195-202.

Widom, Cathy. (1979). Female Offenders: Three Assumptions About Self-Esteem, Sex-Role Identity, and Feminism. Criminal Justice and Behavior 6,365-382 Available at http://cjb.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/6/4/365

Wilkins, R. (1990). Women who sexually abuse children: Doctors need to become sensitised to the possibility. British Medical Journal, 300(300, 1153-1154.

Williams, S. (1995). Female Sex Offenders: Addendum to Risk Assessment Training Manual. (pp.38-46). Ottawa: Correctional Service Canada.

Wolfe, F. A. (1985). Twelve female sexual offenders. Paper presented at “Next steps in research on the assessment and treatment of sexually aggressive persons (Paraphiliacs),” March, 1985, St. Louis, MO.

Wolfers, Olive (1994). The paradox of women who sexually abuse children. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 93-99. New York: The Guilford Press.

Young, Myla H., Justice, Jerald V., Edberg, Philip. (2010) Sexual Offenders in Prison Psychiatric Treatment: A Biopsychosocial Description, Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 54, 92-112

Young, V. (1993). Women abusers – a feminist view. In M. Elliott (ed.) Female Sexual Abuse of Children – The Ultimate Taboo, pp. 100-. New York: The Guilford Press.

Young, Val (1994). Self-help for survivors. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 198-218. New York: The Guilford Press.

Young, Val (1994). Women abusers – A feminist view. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 100-113. New York: The Guilford Press.

Some Statistics

According to a major 2004 study commissioned by the U.S. Department of Education - In studies that ask students about offenders, sex differences are less than in adult reports. The 2000 AAUW data indicate that 57.2 percent of all students report a male offender and 42.4 percent a female offender with the Cameron et al. study reporting nearly identical proportions as the 2000 AAUW data (57 percent male offenders vs. 43 percent female offenders).. (Source .PDF Download)

Approximately 95% of all youth reporting staff sexual misconduct said they had been victimized by female staff. In 2008, 42% of staff in state juvenile facilities were female. (Bureau of Justice Report)

More women (58%) than men (42%) are perpetrators of all forms of child maltreatment. (Child Maltreatment: Facts at a Glance CDC)

One in six adult men reported being sexually molested as children, and -- in a surprise finding -- nearly 40 percent of the perpetrators were female, a new study found.

About 27 percent of women and 34 percent of men among the Dunedin study members reported they had been physically abused by their partner. About 37 percent of women and 22 percent of men said they had perpetrated the violence.

UBC Study Challenges Stereotypes of Sexually Exploited Youth: Boys as Likely as Girls to be Exploited

In a study of 17,337 survivors of childhood sexual abuse, 23% had a female-only perpetrator and 22% had both male and female perpetrators. ( Dube, Shanta R et al. “Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse by Gender of Victim.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine. (2005):28(5), p 430 – 438.)

Blog Roll & Links

Blooming Lotus Female Violence - Can we therapists face up to it? Female-Offenders.com - Home Making Daughters Safe Again: Support for Survivors of Mother-daughter sexual abuse MaleSurvivor Men Shouldn't Be Overlooked as Victims of Partner Violence Pri-Med Patient Education Center - Domestic violence: Not always one sided References Examining Assaults By Women On Their Spouses Or Male Partners: An Annotated Bibiliography Shattered Souls-Childhood Sexual Abuse and Incest Stop Abuse For Everyone Whitedovesnest.com Contact Information:

DISCLAIMER

This website is for informational purposes only. It should not be construed as providing either legal advice or mental health advice.

We do the best we can, but we do not make any guarantee about the accuracy of the information. Links to other sites and resources are provided, but this does not constitute an endorsement of them or their content. We do not monitor linked websites.

Throughout this site will appear links to information stored on various web sites and blogs over which the operators and contributors of this blog have no control what-so-ever. These external links are provided for information purposes only and as such the operators and contributors of this blog accept no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy or value of any information provided by external sites to which we link.

The Blog Author is not responsible for, and expressly disclaims all liability for, damages of any kind arising out of use, reference to, or reliance on any information contained within the site.

Nothing published on this site should be construed as a statement of fact regarding guilt or innocence of anyone accused of anything PRIOR to the accused having their day in court which obviously includes a fair and completed trial. In other words all individuals listed on this site are presumed innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.

Frequently the editors, writers and contributors for this blog will post snippets of text and/or graphics obtained from various web sites and/or blogs, the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of criminal justice, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, and social justice issues, etc. We believe this constitutes a ‘fair use’ of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit to those interested in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. Descriptions and verbiage on these pages have not been investigated, nor have the claims made by any third-party.
Source: whataboutwhenmomistheabuser.blogspot.com/p/female-sex-offenders-and-their-victims.html

Bibliography on Boundaries


  • Boundaries: Where You End and I Begin, Anne Katherine, Parkside, 1991
  • Learning to Say No: Establishing Healthy Boundaries, Carla Wells-Brandon, Health Communications, 1990
*     *     *

As CNN’s Nancy Grace plaintively asks, ‘Why is it when a man rapes a little girl, he goes to jail, but when a woman rapes a boy, she had a breakdown?’”

  •  

Teachers who sexually abuse students still find classroom jobs
Men banned for sexual misconduct are still coaching kids
Reports of sexual assaults spike at military academies
What about when MOM is the abuser?: Female Sex Offenders - Oprah Show
Mother-Son sexual abuse
Double-Standard Treatment for Child Abusers
Sexual Battery
Incest & Molestation
Child Molestation - Next Door - Our Ad
Rape
Date Rape
Corrective Rape
Myths Surrounding the Sexual Abuse of Males
Sexual Abuse of Boys
About Male Sexual Victimization
Genital Mutilation (Circumcision)
Campus Rape Prevention Program Targets Men's Restrooms
Wrongful Rape Convictions
Every 5 Minutes a Man is Forcibly Raped in the U.S. - The Other Side of Rape
Fraternities Speak Out Against Sexual Abuse
We're Teaching Consent All Wrong
Only "Yes" Means Yes
Request
Snippets on Sexual Abuse
Newsbytes

Resources and the Facts of Life Line
Bibliography on Female Offenders
Related Issues: Talking With Kids About Tough Issues, Abuse - Ritual, Incest/Molestation, Circumcision, Violence, Domestic Violence, Sexual Harassment, Women's' Violence and Prisons.
Books -
Abuse - Boys, Abuse - Children, Abuse - MPD, Abuse - Ritual, Abuse - Sexual
Books on Related Topics of Circumcision, Anger, Forgiveness, Violence, Domestic Violence, Sexual Violence, Sexual Harassment, and Women's' Violence
Journals - on Sexual Abuse and Trauma
Bumper Sticker - Make the World Safe for Children
Bibliography on Boundaries

 

I'm a Man

She washes my penis
Rolling it around in her hands.
I feel aroused.
She puts her lips on it
kissing, gently sucking.
I feel it growing.
After all, "I'm a man."
I should be enjoying this.
Does it matter that
I haven't turned two yet?

 

This was my first poem, written while attending a gathering of poets and writers who had been sexually abused as children. With April being the month for national awareness on sexual abuse, and my belief that all of us, and particularly men, must come out of the closet around the ways we have been abused to help put an end to these problems, I have chosen Sexual/Ritual abuse as the focus here. I won't focus on the atrocities but concentrate on a different perspective.


Definitions of Sexual Abuse:


Let's look at the definition of sexual abuse derived primarily from within the Recovery community.

  • Physical sexual: involving intercourse, oral sex, anal sex, masturbation of the child, having a child masturbate an adult, sexual touching (fondling), sexual kissing and sexual hugging;
  • Overt/explicit: involving voyeurism or exhibitionism
  • Covert: involving verbal sexual abuse or lack of appropriate boundary setting with the child
  • Emotional sexual: involving emotional enmeshment by the parent, child witness to sexual abuse or not providing appropriate and healthy sexuality information.

The Facts


It is said that 1 in 3 girls and 1 in 5 boys (over 2 out of 3 boys if we include circumcision) will be sexually victimized before their 18th birthday, 85% of the perpetrators are individuals the child already knows-blood relatives, extended family members, neighbors, baby-sitters, etc. (Lear's Magazine, Feb, 1992). (See More Detail at the end of this page.)

If the truth be known, I think those numbers are on the low side and that it is such a horrendous thing for the adult mind to consider, that the inner child gets pushed even deeper from the surface of freedom, denying anything that bad could have ever happened to them. (In The Janus Report on Sexual Behavior, 1993, only 11% of men and 23% of women reported having been sexually molested as children.) When the nightmares come, or a flash of memory, or a negative body reaction to a sexual activity, it may be a sign that your inner child is ready to talk. Are you listening?

Cultural Denial & Fear


We all probably have one or more experiences of sexual abuse in our lives. What I will talk about here is a little different perspective. I want to focus on some of the effects of living in the largest sex-negative country in the world, where puritanical thought still wants us to think of sex as a tool for procreation only, not for joy. We're taught to be ashamed of masturbation, especially in marriage, not to touch children, not to hug and touch other adults unless it's sexual, simply because it will be taken as a sexual advance by most. It's a country where men touch other human beings 6-8 times a day, 4-6 of those touches are sexual yet Spanish men touch other human beings over 100 times a day, 6-8 of them sexual. Where two men could be beaten to death for walking hand-in-hand, though this is a common sight in Australia, Africa, Indonesia and many of the Soviet Block countries. Where people like Russ Limbaugh ridicule Bill Clinton and Al Gore for hugging in public, implying they must be some kind of perverts. There's something wrong with this picture where the power of a Limbaugh or the Christian Right can get a law passed in Colorado and almost in Oregon against gay and lesbians doing what the medical and psychological communities and many religious denominations have taken as a natural, god-given gift. (The Janus Report shows that 22% of men and 17% of women have had at least one homosexual experience.) It's the repression of what is natural that causes some people to do things that are not natural. Pedophiles are notoriously very "religious" people and, also reported in The Janus Report, three times as many ultraconservatives, compared to either independents or ultraliberals, rated sadomasochism as an acceptable practice.

In a country that claims to want to take responsibility to teach our children about sex, fewer than 20% of the parents actually do any form of sex education with their children. This has to be a contributor to the fact that there are 2 million teen pregnancies every year and that the heterosexual teen segment is one of the fastest growing segments when it comes to AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. So, what do we think we're doing as adults and parents. Protecting our children by not telling them? Know that under one of the definitions of "sexual abuse" above, the teaching of inappropriate information or the lack of teaching appropriate sex information is sexual abuse of children. We, have a responsibility as parents to get beyond our own fears and uncomfortableness, to insure that our children get information that will help them develop healthy and safe attitudes about sex.

Effect on Fathers


One of the travesties of this culture is the training fathers receive that causes them to withdraw as their teen-age daughters begin to develop. And, because most men are afraid to reveal our feelings to anyone, even other men or a therapist, we think that having these feelings makes us perverted. We often withdraw from our daughters at this very important time in their lives when they really need our positive reflection of their budding sexuality. If we would read, we would find out that the sexual energy is natural, and it comes from the daughter too. It shouldn't nor does it need to be acted out. But, don't turn or move away from your daughters hugs, either. It's often experienced by the daughter as a rejection of her as a sexual being, from the first and most important man in her life. This can be very damaging.

Phyllis Chesler writes in Mothers on Trial, that a custody battle constitutes male violence against women and that anti-mother brainwashing (among other things) by custodial fathers is child abuse. I think it's psychologically, if not sexually, abusive to keep fathers from shared joint physical custody of their children, making them a visitor at best in their children's lives. This includes fathers who decide not to be part of their children's lives. One of the reasons for this is that it denies the children the experience of their father, which is part of them and they'll never have the opportunity to see the masculine part of him as well as his feminine side. It is when the father is not allowed to acknowledge that feminine side in himself, in the presences of his children, and the acknowledgment of that in his children, that distorts those parts in his children.

Another area is around not informing the father of the birth and subsequent adoption of his child. Having talked to many adoptees about not knowing their father, nor being provided the information as a adult on how to find their father, has damaged them for a lifetime. Making it legal to keep this information from both the father and child is at least psychological abuse and can easily border on sexual abuse in many cases. "It is possible that the non-availability of a father...can be a predisposing factor in the development of gender identity disorders in their childhood" (DSM-III-R 302.60). Without the father's presence in his children's lives, the important lessons he was meant to teach don't get taught, not by a loving step-father, a loving mother, or anyone else.

Abusive messages surround us. Safeway, the grocery chain that's supposed to nourish us, is running a commercial aired last year. It shows a mother with two children and claims that she is a mother and a father, thereby removing any need of the father in the upbringing of balanced children. In essence, they have chosen to support the raising of more dysfunctional children.

Then there are the extreme cases where the father is charged with sexual abuse in a custody case. This is all too often used to get back at the husband and keep the children's love. In the long run what often happens is that the mother is the one who is rejected by the adult children for getting in between the children and their father, and it only destroys what could have been a very healthy up-bringing of the children by two parents in separate households.

While some of these accusations have been made that are false and tear divorcing families apart, it is important not to deny what is a horrid reality: sexual abuse happens, it happens to a great many children and some adults, it happens primarily by men but women also sexually abuse, and it is psychologically abusive to deny, minimize or keep the secret about the level of sexual abuse against boys and the impact it has on their lives.

What to do?


After all is said and done, I really wonder if anyone, boys or girls, escape from some form of sexual abuse present in our culture today. The point is that we must take action now to break the chain of what happened to us, so we won't be multiplying this effect over the number of children we have and expect all of them to break the chain for their children. It takes one person at a time.

What's important is to listen to the stories, no matter how horrid they may sound. Stories of childhood sexual abuse, of orgies, of torture, of murder and sacrifice. It's important to talk about your own experience, if you had one that you remember, and join together with others to stop the perpetration of abuse wherever we find it - in our own homes, next door, at the grocery store, in church or school, no matter who's doing it or what their excuse may be. Abuse must be stopped, NOW! Think about it! - Gordon Clay

Men banned for sexual misconduct are still coaching kids


After a conviction of sexual misconduct against a child, Gerald Murphy served prison time, lost his teaching certificate and was banned from USA Taekwondo. But he's still coaching young athletes at the same gym he did years ago. A USA TODAY investigation found Murphy's one of a half-dozen coaches banned for similar charges who remain active in their sport. Here’s how to find out if your kid's coach has been banned. The investigation comes months after former USA Gymnastics team doctor Larry Nassar was convicted of molesting women and girls for years during medical treatment. Here's how we make this stop.

Reports of sexual assaults spike at military academies


Reports of sexual assaults at the three military academies surged by more than 50 percent in the 2014-15 school year, and complaints of sexual harassment also spiked, according to documents reviewed by The Associated Press.

A senior defense official says the sharp increases were due largely to students' growing confidence in the reporting system and expanded awareness programs that over the past several years have included training, videos and information sessions for both students and leaders. The programs have been aimed at making victims more aware of the reporting process and more comfortable seeking help.

But the dramatic increases raise nagging questions about whether criminal assaults and harassment are on the rise or if the numbers actually reflect a growing willingness of victims to come forward.

According to report documents reviewed by the AP, there were 91 reported sexual assaults over the last school year at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, and the U.S. Air Force Academy in Colorado — compared to 59 during the 2013-14 school year.

Reports of assaults went up at all three of the schools, but the number nearly doubled at the Air Force Academy, jumping from 25 to 49.

At the same time, the number of sexual harassment complaints spiked by 40 percent, to a total of 28 during the last school year. According to the documents, the most sexual harassment complaints were at the Naval Academy, with 13. There were seven at West Point and eight at the Air Force Academy.

Asked about the Air Force increases, officials said the decrease in assaults during the 2013-14 school year may have been an anomaly, and the latest totals were closer to the norm in previous years. Air Force cadets, they said, also seem to be much more aware of the sexual assault prevention and response coordinators on campus and may be more willing to file reports.

The Air Force, however, has seen a number of public sexual assault scandals in recent years, including incidents involving members of academy sports teams.

Senior defense officials said a key recommendation this year is for the academies to put more emphasis on sexual harassment prevention and training, because often harassment leads to assault. Discussions with focus groups and other studies found that while students are very familiar with how to report sexual assaults and how to treat victims, they didn't know as much about what makes up sexual harassment and what to do about it.

One problem is that sexual harassment is handled by the various military Equal Opportunity offices, while sexual assault issues are handled by the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Offices.

The improved emphasis on harassment should eventually lead to reductions in assault, said officials, who were not authorized to discuss the issue ahead of the report's release Friday and thus spoke on condition of anonymity.

Senior Pentagon leaders have consistently argued for years that increased reporting is a good thing, because it suggests that victims are now more willing to come forward. Sexual assault in civilian and military society have historically been a vastly under-reported crime because victims often fear reprisals or stigma, or they worry that they won't be believed or don't want to go through the emotional turmoil of a court case.

But officials acknowledged Thursday that it is often difficult to tell how much of the increase in numbers stems from more crime or more reporting.

An anonymous survey of military academy students during the 2013-14 school year showed that fewer students said they had experienced unwanted sexual contact than in previous years. Unwanted contact ranges from inappropriate touching to rape. The surveys are done every other year, so there wasn't one accompanying this latest report. One will be done this spring for inclusion in the next report.

Officials also said that the increased training and education on sexual assault prevention has led more students to come forward to report assaults that happened before they joined the academies. Of the 91 reports for the last school year, eight were for assaults that happened before the student entered the military service.

As part of the report, there were 10 focus group sessions in March and April — seven with students and three with faculty and staff. Almost 200 students and nearly 100 faculty and staff took part.

Officials said that the discussions with students, faculty and staff in focus groups revealed some progress in attitudes about harassment, including an increasing number of students who talk about taking a more active role in preventing or objecting to harassing comments, including those in online social media sites.

The 2013 anonymous survey revealed a broad culture of bad behavior and disrespect among athletes at the military academies, including widespread complaints that students often feel they need to put up with sexist and offensive behavior as part of their school life. Officials said similar complaints about sports teams were voiced during the focus groups, but it was unclear how current the problems were.
Source: www.aol.com/article/2016/01/09/reports-of-sexual-assaults-spike-at-military-academies/21294651/?icid=maing-fluid%7Camp-bon%7Cdl1%7Csec1_lnk2%26plid%3D-1778400184

What about when MOM is the abuser?: Female Sex Offenders - Oprah Show


It is not enough to shed tears for those who suffer the tragedy of sexual abuse, nor will much be accomplished nurturing hatred and devising punishments for those who sexually abuse. Only by sharing knowledge, providing training, exchanging ideas, and challenging traditional beliefs and biases can we respond effectively to sexual victimization. - Jan Hindman

In preparation for the Oprah show on Monday 2/15/10 I wanted to do a quick post of some information and hopefully the show will touch on some of this:

  • Approximately 95% of all youth reporting staff sexual misconduct said they had been victimized by female staff. In 2008, 42% of staff in state juvenile facilities were female. (Bureau of Justice Report)
  • One in six adult men reported being sexually molested as children, and -- in a surprise finding -- nearly 40 percent of the perpetrators were female, a new study found. (Source Link
  • In a study of 17,337 survivors of childhood sexual abuse, 23% had a female-only perpetrator and 22% had both male and female perpetrators. ( Dube, Shanta R et al. “Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse by Gender of Victim.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine. (2005):28(5), p 430 – 438.)
  • According to a major 2004 study commissioned by the U.S. Department of Education - In studies that ask students about offenders, sex differences are less than in adult reports. The 2000 AAUW data indicate that 57.2 percent of all students report a male offender and 42.4 percent a female offender with the Cameron et al. study reporting nearly identical proportions as the 2000 AAUW data (57 percent male offenders vs. 43 percent female offenders).. (Source .PDF Download)

Dr. Christine Hatchard of MDSA states the following on her site:

In our society, mothers are automatically given special status, and certain characteristics, such as “nurturing, caring, protective” are attributed to them. The truth is, at her core, a mother is a woman and a human being, and like any other human being, is capable of the same range of violence, hate and autonomous behavior. To view women or mothers any differently, is to not realize their full potential as human beings, for better or for worse.

Those are just a few pieces of information that show this problem is not so "rare" as some claim. Finally for those interested there is a documentary that was done in 2002 titled "When Girls Do It":

When Girls Do It Directed by Glynis Whiting, Produced by Maureen Prentice and Glynis Whiting, Whiting Communications, 46 minutes • 2001 Available on DVD and VHS

When Girls Do It takes an unflinching look at the motivations of female sexual predators and the devastating effects on their victims. This documentary reveals the human reality behind sexual abuse by women; healing those who have survived abuse, treating female offenders and preventing countless other children from becoming victims. Featuring powerful interviews and compelling testimony, it shows how important it is to acknowledge the enormity of female sexual offenses, and encourages victims to speak out against this devastating crime.
Source: whataboutwhenmomistheabuser.blogspot.com/2010/02/female-sex-offenders-oprah-show.html

Mother-Son sexual abuse


This is the follow up to the Mother-Daughter sexual abuse post. I started off doing these because of a communication I had with a reader. In talking he gave me permission to print (he read it before it appeared here) some of his story in hopes that other men will benefit from his speaking out. So I am summarizing and paraphrasing some of what he has told me. I am calling him Joe though that is not his name:
Joe was raised by a single mother and never knew who his biological father was or is. For most of his childhood things seemed to be "normal" to him. His mother appeared to have a lot of short term boyfriends but other than that things seemed fine. The sexual abuse by his mother did not begin until he was about 12 years old and started to enter puberty. That is when his life changed and his life became a nightmare of abuse and secrecy.
Joe told me that he felt trapped with no one to turn to for help. Joe did not think anyone would believe him even if he did tell someone and he was full of shame and guilt and secretly thought that this was all his fault and he had somehow caused his mother to be this way towards him.

Joe talked about hating himself and feeling horrible guilt around the fact that he felt hurt and betrayed by his mother but at the same time felt a close bond and love for his mother. Joe said that he felt like he must be crazy, that he must not really be a "man" because of the way he felt. Joe then added something that he said he has only told his wife. Joe stated what made it even more difficult was that when his mother would do sexual things with him his body responded and some of the things they did physically felt very good. He said that this was one of the most painful aspects still to try to come to terms with. How could I enjoy being sexual with my own mother he says he often asked himself and berated himself mentally about. Joe said that this part was "proof" to him that it was his doing and his fault. At least that is how he thought for many years and he admits to still thinking that sometimes.

Another issue that Joe described as being a very painful part of his abuse was his friends. Mainly his male friends. As a teen boy with teen friends he said he felt tormented anytime his mother was mentioned or appeared and so he tried to make sure no one ever saw her or knew she was his mother. Why? Because Joe said his mother was very attractive. Model attractive is how he described her. Joe said when his teen friends would see her they would make comments about how attractive she was and how "lucky" Joe was to have so a good looking mother and then the sexual comments would sometimes start along with teasing Joe. Little did they know that Joe was being sexually abused by his mother.

Joe also described the effect that his mothers looks had on people. He said that because she was so attractive she was able to use this to her advantage. She had numerous "boyfriends" as she would use them up and toss them away. She also did the same with her female friends and Joe related that she had as many "girlfriends" as she did boyfriends. Other people were just objects to be used by her to obtain what she wanted. This included Joe. Joe was able to escape from her when he moved out at 20 and he felt guilty for leaving and guilty for staying so long. Nothing he did seemed to be the right thing to do in his mind. That was over 3 decades ago. Joe was able to come to terms and seek help later in his life. Joe says he still is haunted by the memory and has to fight the guilt he feels over cutting off all contact with his mother, to the point where he does not know where she is or if she is even alive or dead.

There was a lot more I could have posted but what is there serves as a good example for this topic. Joe waited over 30 years before finally being able to seek help. Joe is not an isolated case as the rest of this post will show.

I found a recent article from the Vancouver Sun, Gerry Bellett , Canwest News Service, Tuesday, May 27, 2008 that I think very much needs reposting here:

3 in 4 B.C. boys on street sexually exploited by women
Canada's largest study into the sexual exploitation of street kids and runaways has shattered some myths about who the abusers might be - with the most surprising finding being that many are women seeking sex with young males.

"Some youth in each gender were exploited by women with more than three out of four (79 per cent) sexually exploited males reporting exchanging sex for money or goods with a female," said Elizabeth Saewyc, associate professor of nursing at the University of British Columbia and principal investigator for the study conducted by Vancouver's McCreary Centre Society.

"I must admit it wasn't something we were expecting."

The results were drawn from interviews with 1,845 youth - some as young as 12 - in surveys taken across the province between 2000 and 2006.

The stereotypical model of the child being abused - a teenage female being sexually abused by a male - was wrong, said Saewyc.

Sexual exploitation is defined as youth under 19 trading sexual activities for money, drugs, gifts, food, services, shelter, transportation or anything similar.

This can include work in brothels, escort services, pornography and Internet sex but it also includes what's described as "survival sex," where a child provides sex in exchange for a place to sleep, a meal or a ride.

It found one in every three of children living on the street have been sexually abused although many didn't seem aware that they had been exploited, said Saewyc.

"It's a shocking number. The law is clear: any adult who has sex with children for any form of consideration is exploiting them and it's illegal," she said.

The study found 94 per cent of females reported they had been sexually exploited by men.

But the study found that young males were being preyed upon by sexual predators of both sexes, yet the social systems in place to deter and prevent sexual predation were only designed to help females and the criminal justice system wasn't concerned with what was happening to young males.

"Women seeking young men and boys offer transportation or other things and some go to nightclubs and bars where they can pick up under-age youth. And a certain percentage have been picked up by couples," she said.

Saewyc said it was indicative of the prevailing myths about sexual abuse that the rehabilitation program for persons arrested by police for attempting to buy sexual favours on the street was called "John School".

"I think it's time we had a Jane School. There should be an equal opportunity school for women predators," she said.

"Part of the challenge is that young males are not seen as being exploited because they are not coming to the attention of the police and the police aren't out there picking up the perpetrators. The system is set up to handle the sexual exploitation of young women, not young men," she said.

Community research associate Jayson Anderson said most of the programs to deal with sexual exploitation were designed by women for women. "There's really nothing out there for males. So we need programs for young boys," he said.

I wanted to post that article because it is recent. A lot of the materials I have found on this subject are often older, from the 80's and 90's. It also was a study that was not looking at or for female abusers specifically.

Kali Munro in her article Male Sexual Abuse Victims of Female Perpetrators: Society's Betrayal of Boys states this:

The reality that boys are sexually abused by women is not widely accepted. Some people view it as an impossible act - that a male can’t be sexually assaulted by a female - and others view it as sexually titillating. The existence of female perpetrators and male victims confronts many of our most firmly held beliefs about women, men, sexuality, power, and sexual assault. It challenges our very notions about what sex is.

It is common to see/hear people make comments like "he was lucky" or "I wish I had that happen to me when I was his age" and various other ones that run along the same sexist line. A 30 year old woman who is with a 14 year old boy is called "having sex" or an "affair" by many, even the media. Yet if it is a 30 year old man with a 14 year old girl he is called a child molester, pervert, pedophile etc. This double standard makes it all that much harder for male victims to speak up.

As Kali further states in her article:

If a female initiates sexual contact with a male, this is viewed as a rare and exciting opportunity that no man should let pass by; he should be grateful.

Given these commonly held beliefs, many people see nothing wrong with a woman pursuing a boy sexually. In fact, in some circles it is considered a good way to introduce boys to heterosexuality. Some fathers take their young sons to prostitutes with the mistaken belief that it is “good” for them. A number of movies, stories, jokes, and fantasies portray older women sexually “seducing” young boys in positive terms.

That is how it is viewed by many people. Want to get a lively discussion going ask someone what they think about a 14 year old girl being with a 30 year old male and then switch it. I am always amazed at how many people have no issue with the double standard. Things are slowly starting to change, very slowly, on this issue. We see more and more female teachers who have been caught abusing their students.

Most of what was said in the Mother-Daughter Sexual Abuse posting can be applied here as well and because of that I am not going to re-post all the material from that post but rather urge people to read it as well.

I must say that I find the article that Kali Munro did to be well done. In the article Male Sexual Abuse Victims of Female Perpetrators: Society's Betrayal of Boys she goes on to relate this:

Sadly, many men who were sexually abused by women are locked in silence, shame, and self-loathing. Society tells them that not only was their experience not abuse, but that they should have enjoyed it, and if they didn’t there must be something terribly wrong with them.

Even when their experiences are recognized as abuse, they may be viewed as having been “weak” or “not man enough” because they were unable to stop it, defend themselves, or put it behind them.

The myth that men can’t be victimized particularly by women is firmly entrenched in many cultures. Many men who dare acknowledge that they were sexually abused by women are cruelly laughed at and humiliated. Most do not dare say a word about it for fear of feeling any more ashamed than they already feel.

Many men who were sexually abused by women feel deeply ashamed of themselves, their sexuality, and their gender. Sadly and mistakenly, they believe that there must be something profoundly wrong with them that they were abused in this way. Some men defend against feeling this way by being in a constant state of anger or rage - one of the few emotions that are socially acceptable for men. Many male survivors cope with the abuse by drinking, using drugs, living recklessly, avoiding intimate relationships, numbing their feelings, dissociating, and becoming depressed, anxious or angry.

And consider this from the Canadian Children's Rights Council:

Finally, there is an alarmingly high rate of sexual abuse by females in the backgrounds of rapists, sex offenders and sexually aggressive men - 59% (Petrovich and Templer, 1984), 66% (Groth, 1979) and 80% (Briere and Smiljanich, 1993).

There is another older article that people can download and distribute. It is called "The Invisible Boy:Revisioning the Victimization of Male Children and Teens" From Health Canada, National Clearinghouse on Family Violence and if you click the link you can get the .PDF file. Here are some portions of that article:

Despite the fact that over 300 books and articles on male victims have been published in the last 25 to 30 years, boys and teen males remain on the periphery of the discourse on child abuse. Few workshops about males can be found at most child abuse conferences and there are no specialized training programs for clinicians. Male-centred assessment is all but non-existent and treatment programs are rare. If we are talking about adult males, the problem is even greater. A sad example of this was witnessed recently in Toronto. After a broadcast of The Boys of St. Vincent, a film about the abuse of boys in a church-run orphanage, the Kids' Help Phone received over 1 000 calls from distraught adult male survivors of childhood sexual abuse. It is tragic in a way no words can capture that these men had no place to turn to other than a children's crisis line.

This is still true more than a decade later. If you are a man call a domestic violence shelter and ask them for help see what kind of resources are available for you and what kind of response you get from them. Call an abuse hot line and ask for specialized help for a man who has been abused by a woman. In many places in this country there is no help and no resources to deal with this.

The language we use in the current discourse on violence and abuse masks, minimizes or renders invisible certain realities for male victims. Terms such as "family violence" have become co-terminus with "violence toward women," particularly on the part of husbands, fathers or other adult male figures. Male teens, boys, male seniors, male victims of sibling-on-sibling violence and female abusers disappear in this term.

This still occurs a decade later and reflects what I was discussing earlier. A 14 year old boy is having "sex" with a 30 year old woman and it was "consensual". For example this sentence from a newspaper report about a 40 year old woman convicted of sexually abusing a 15 year old boy she was hired to babysit "The almost year-long relationship continued even after Ms. Collins and her family moved to Moncton in September 2004." Relationship? The woman was given a 2 year sentence and served it in the community. Do you think a male offender who was babysitting a 15 year old girl and had sexually abused her in excess of 100 times would have gotten such a sentence? The stereotypes about women and mothers creeps into almost every aspect of how we perceive this issue.

Now this next part is a piece that I have talked about and is something I have not only witnessed but experienced:

Male victims report great pain, frustration and some anger at not seeing their stories reflected in the public discourse on violence and abuse. Several large-scale Canadian studies about interpersonal violence conducted in the past several years have reported the findings pertaining to only female victims. Many academic papers written about victims of violence purport to be "balanced," yet typically bring only a faint male "voice" to the analysis. From a conceptual standpoint, many also make the mistake of accepting and using, uncritically, a woman-centred-only model of victimization. Male victims also find much of this work dehumanizing and dismissive of their experiences. They feel many writers and thinkers in the field have delineated the boundaries of the discourse on violence and abuse - boundaries that leave males out.

Male victims frequently find that therapists, counsellors or other types of caregivers trained with female-centred models of victimization are unable to help them. Consequently, they are likely to simply abandon therapy, leaving unexplored many of the issues relating to their victimization experience and to their deeper healing.

Male victims, like female victims before them, have encountered their share of critics and detractors, people who refuse to believe them, ignore prevalence statistics, minimize the impact of abuse, appropriate and deny males a voice, or dismiss male victimization as a "red herring." When prevalence statistics are given for male victimization, it is common to hear the response that the vast majority of abusers of males are other males, a belief which is simply not true. This comment is usually intended to frame male victimization as a "male problem." It is also insensitive and perceived by male survivors as being victim-blaming. While challenges and criticisms to concepts and theories are valid, and an important part of the evolution and development of any field, denial, minimization and silencing is harmful, abusive and damaging to any victim.

I can say that this is the part that upsets me as much as anything else that happened and it still upsets me to this day.

Male victims walk a fine line between wanting to be heard and validated, to be supportive of female victims and to be pro-woman, while challenging assumptions they feel are biased stereotypes. Their challenges to some of these stereotypes are often met with accusations that they are misogynists, part of a "backlash" against feminism, or have a hidden agenda to undermine women's gains. If any of these accusations are true, they must be confronted by all of us. But if they are based only on the fear that recognition of males as victims will threaten women's gains, then that is the issue we should be discussing right up front, not minimizing male victims' experiences in a competition to prove who has been harmed the most. Nonetheless, it is important for all of us to recognize that it may be difficult for many women to listen to male victims' stories until they feel safe in this regard.

Sadly, male victims and their advocates risk a lot to challenge the status quo and experience much pressure to remain silent. It is ironic that the pressure males feel to remain silent replicates, at a social level, the same patterns of silencing, denial and minimization they experienced at the hands of their offenders. If we do not face the fact that we need to heal the "gendered wounds" of both women and men, then we will compromise the search for gender peace.

Finally, and perhaps the most important reason to re-vision our understanding, is because men and teen males are not, in any substantial way, joining women in the struggle to end all forms of interpersonal-violence. Part of the reason for this may be because males do not see their own stories reflected in public discussions about violence and abuse. If one were to rely solely on the media to convey the male experience, few stories would be known beyond the more sensational cases involving several church-run orphanages or provincial training schools. It is not uncommon to hear male students express resentment toward high school anti-violence curricula that presumes them to be abusers, harassers, rapists and sexual assaulters in waiting. Indeed, it is difficult to feel part of a collective social movement against violence when one's own experiences are dismissed, excluded or minimized. It is evident from even a casual review of this material that much of it contains biased stereotypes and unchallenged assumptions about "male anger," "male aggression" and "male sexuality." All too often, these writers take as a starting point a caricature of the worst imaginable elements of "masculinity" and assume it applies to all male persons.

I concur fully with the above statement. I remember feeling this way myself when I was younger. I vividly remember being quite upset about the whole domestic violence/sexual abuse trainings and seminars I attended when I was younger. I could not understand why the double standard existed. Why minimize or discount one group's pain and suffering while teaching about another groups pain and suffering? I also have seen something that is not mentioned much but I will mention it here. I have experienced men and women who are bitter against the opposite sex because of their experiences and this colors their every interaction.

This is even more of an issue for male victims. When boys are victimized, they tend to be seen as less in need of care and support (Watkins and Bentovim, 1992). They are also blamed more for their abuse (Burgess, 1985; Broussard and Wagner, 1988; Whatley and Riggio, 1993) and their offenders are held less accountable (Burgess, 1985). In one of the most troubling studies, Pierce and Pierce (1985) found that male victims, despite being subjected to more invasive types of abuse and more types of sexual acts than female victims, were 5 times less likely to be removed from their homes.

This piece from that article will hopefully shock some people. We in no way should deny or minimize what has happened to millions of women and girls. But we do need to also focus on male victims and give them the same respect and treatment options.

Males, generally, have more permission to be sexual persons in our society. A double standard of morality has been applied to males and female for centuries. The fact that there are no "positive" or flattering terms such as "sowing his wild oats," "boys will be boys" or "ladies man" for females gives vivid illustration to this point. It is generally assumed that having "licence" to be a sexual person is an advantage. Males are seen to get power from obtaining or taking sex, women from withholding sex.

However, sexual licence has serious consequences for male victims. It increases a boy's susceptibility to sexual abuse by promoting or encouraging participation in sexual activities. It promotes secrecy because boys are afraid to report sexual experiences that go wrong for fear they are responsible and blameworthy. It affects our perceptions as professional caregivers, encourages victim blaming and supports minimization of the impact on victims of male-on-male sexual assault or female-perpetrated sexual assault. It causes males to expect female sexual contact. It promotes risk-taking sexual behaviour and creates expectations for males that they must be the initiators of sex and have sexual knowledge and experience.

When I write these posts I generally have one idea in mind and almost always end up rambling on and hopefully not losing people to much. I want to look at a few more pieces from that publication. It is an older publiciation but much of what is in it is still very much true today. If noting else in this post made sense I hope that the folllowing will. I wholeheartedly agree with what they have to say:

Our minimization and denial of male victimization so permeates our culture that it is in evidence everywhere from nursery rhymes, comic strips, comedy films, television programs and newspaper stories to academic research. We give male victims a message every day of their lives that they risk much by complaining.

Stated succinctly, if a male is victimized he deserved it, asked for it, or is lying. If he is injured, it is his own fault. If he cries or complains, we will not take him seriously or condone his "whining" because he is supposed to "take it like a man." We will laugh at him. We will support him in the minimization of its impact. We will encourage him to accept responsibility for being victimized and teach him to ignore any feelings associated with his abuse. We will guilt and shame him to keep a stiff upper lip so he can "get on with it."

When we give a message to boys and young men in any shape or form that their experience of violence and victimization is less important than that of girls and young women, we are teaching them a lesson about their value as persons. We also teach them that the use of violence toward males is legitimate. When we dismiss their pain, we do little to encourage boys and young men to listen to, and take seriously, women's concerns about violence and victimization. When we diminish their experience or fail to hold their male and female abusers fully accountable, we support their continued victimization.

How Would Things Be Different if We Acknowledged Male Victims?
How would our society be different if we recognized and supported male victims? We would have to acknowledge how gender role conditioning denies boys a rich emotional life and cuts them off from whole parts of their essential selves. We would begin to understand how child-rearing practices in the form of emotional and physical withdrawal from sons "to toughen them up" early in their lives compromises their ability to form secure and nurturing attachments. We would begin to see how male gender itself is a risk factor that can magnify the effects of all forms of abuse and channel it in violent, aggressive and reckless acts directed toward the self or others. We would finally acknowledge the overwhelming research evidence concerning the amount of physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological maltreatment, neglect and corporal punishment of male children and teens by females, without minimization.

We would have to recognize that if there is a male gender dimension to many forms of overtly expressed violence, its causes need to be linked to the routine and normalized violence toward males prevalent in our society, violence in the form of child abuse and neglect, psychological maltreatment, corporal punishment and male-gender role socialization. We would finally realize that all the forms of violence toward boys and teen males discussed in this document are the common everyday lived experience of most males rather than the exception. We would no longer tolerate humorous or entertaining media images of males or females as victims of violence or biased journalism that fails to report the whole picture of child abuse and neglect and interpersonal, family and community violence.

We would recognize that regardless of our own theoretical starting points, male victims have their own voice, their own meanings for their experiences. If we remain ignorant of, overlook or fail to explore their stories, we will miss much of what we need to engage them in therapy and healing. We will construct for them the origins and courses of their difficulties. We will shape and mold them to the limitations of our own personal and professional world views. We will, through the use of our professional practices, reproduce the same dysfunctional and disempowering patterns of communication and relationship many of these males found in their families of origin or the environments in which they grew up.

We would recognize that solving the complex problem of violence in our society will never be achieved until all the stories and voices of victims of violence are heard, until men and women of good will begin to work side by side, and until the means of our collective struggle toward peace reflect respect, compassion and inclusion as our minimum standard. We will recognize, finally, that means are ends. It is in the selection of our means where we are most conscious and able to make inclusive decisions about our future direction. From a postmodernist perspective, in any inclusive process of consensus building toward some goal, one cannot see the end from the starting point. Thus, if the means we choose toward the creation of a more just society are anything but, we can only arrive back where we started.

Beginning with Ourselves as Adults

Perhaps, the greatest responsibility for the plight of boys and young men lies with adults. We are the ones who conduct single-gender and biased research. We are the ones who present to the media more political opinions about male victimization than provide objective, empirically-based information. We are the ones who help maintain biased stereotypes about boys and young men that keep them trapped in their silence. We are the ones who help reinforce in the public mind an image of strong and resilient male victims who are, in truth, human beings suffering in much pain, isolation and loneliness.

Adults, especially those who work in the child abuse field, are the eyes of Canadian society in this area of human suffering. It is up to us to speak against abuse and injustice, and for compassion and inclusion. If we do not open ourselves to self-criticism, conscientiously and continually reflect on our assumptions, methods and standards of practice, or allow ourselves to become trapped in rhetoric, then it is we who will become the ones who will pose the greatest threat to the credibility of the field.

So back to Joe. Another thing he mentioned was that he was reluctant to talk to anyone about this because one of the reactions he has gotten was to be blamed and called a pervert. Because he described his abuser as "attractive" it had to be his sick fantasy or his fault. Would he have gotten the same response had he been a girl?

Lets look at this article from ABC News 20/20 called Double Standard When It Comes to Underage Sex?

Movies and television often portray having sex with an older woman as an exciting conquest. The Comedy Central show "South Park" shows police officers impressed that an elementary school student slept with an attractive teacher. One cop jokes to the another, "The crime is she isn't doing it with me!"

When one of ABC's "Desperate Housewives" slept with a high school student, all season the student was shown as a lucky guy, never as someone who Eva Longoria's character Gabrielle was sexually exploiting.

"There's definitely a double standard," said child psychologist Lisa Boesky. "Parents tend to see their girls as fragile, vulnerable, more in need of protection … When it comes to their boys, there's kind of this message of, 'Be careful out there.' They may even purchase some condoms for them, or basically tell them to be safe and don't get anybody pregnant."

But this double standard is a mistake, say many researchers, because boys are vulnerable too.

Although most boys who had sex with older women said the experience was positive, those same boys are also more likely to have emotional and sexual problems later.

"They may drink a lot, they may get into drugs, they may start seeing prostitutes, they may gamble … they may be sexually dysfunctional," said New York psychologist Dr. Richard Garner, who treats victims of sex abuse. "A whole string of things like that, none of which seem in their own mind to be related to the idea that they were sexual victims, which is very hard for a boy to say he was."

And that, he says, is why many boys say the experience was positive.

"To say I was sexually victimized is to say, 'I'm not male' and boys aren't likely to do that."

Or this article from the Seattle Times: Female sex offenders reveal cultural double standard

The decadelong wave of sexual offenses committed by women — teachers in particular have exposed a cultural double standard: The public is more willing to accept the female abuser's claim that she had a "relationship" with the victim. And in cases in which the male is a teenager, the sexual abuse is more likely to be dismissed as a rite of passage. The questionable, yet overriding assumption, is that women predators are somehow different from men.

"Men are demonized, women are diagnosed. Men are beasts, but women are troubled or mentally ill," said media scholar Matthew Felling in an interview with Fox News. In fact, accounts of women sexual offenders are often more titillating than harsh. Felling calls the news coverage of young, attractive teachers involved with their students "part crime drama, part Penthouse letter."

And if you truly want to see where our society is consider this next piece from that article (and note how the paper even says she began a "sexual relationship"):

The current awareness of women predators began with Mary K. Letourneau, a 34-year-old elementary-school teacher and a married mother of four, who in 1996 began a sexual relationship with a 12-year-old former student, Vili Fualaau. Letourneau eventually had two children with him and served more than seven years in prison. She resumed contact with Fualaau, by then an adult, after she was released. While a male offender might have been publicly shunned, Letourneau's 2005 wedding to Fualaau was covered by "Entertainment Tonight."

Think about what the reaction would be if a television show would air this if the roles were switched and it was a 34 year old male and 12 year old girl.

Female predators' crimes are often attributed to marital problems, depression, loneliness, immaturity or self-esteem issues. Letourneau was reported to have "a loveless marriage" and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder.

Not only do we look at female offenders differently, so do the offenders themselves. Women predators are more likely to see the abuse as a romantic relationship. Letourneau told CNN's Larry King that she and Fualaau had a "deep spiritual oneness" before they were ever sexual, and that she did not consider herself a sexual predator.

Go speak with a few pedophiles and they will say the same thing. They do not see themselves as a sexual predator and they "love" the children and feel they have a deep bond with them. they have a "deep bond" with them only in their own minds because they refuse to see past themselves.

Dr. Leigh Baker, a clinical psychologist in Colorado, interviewed hundreds of male and female predators for her book "Protecting Your Children From Sexual Predators." All were incarcerated at the time, and their stories help form her theory that there are four types of predators: inadequate, narcissistic, anti-social and pedophile.

An inadequate adult (and predator) has trouble forming attachments with other adults and is most comfortable with children, she says. A narcissist loves him- or herself to the detriment of others; someone who's anti-social doesn't abide by society's rules; and a pedophile is sexually aroused by children.

While some women are pedophiles and some men do profess their love for the children they sexually abuse, women are more likely to "couch it as a relationship," according to Baker. Men are more likely to be serial pedophiles; women seek that "deep spiritual oneness" that Letourneau says she found.

The traits women predators exhibit — seeing themselves as a victim, low self-esteem, a sense of inadequacy, needing to be the center of attention, putting their own need for a connection before common sense — probably place most women predators into two of Baker's four categories.

"My suspicion is if you took a large enough number of female predators, they would fall into all four types. But, we know women are less anti-social than men, and there are fewer female pedophiles, so I think most women are narcissistic or inadequate types of predators."

There are signs of the inadequate, the narcissist and the anti-social predator in Letourneau. She formed an inappropriate bond with a 12-year old, ignoring society's mores and the well-being of her own four children.

While I may not fully agree with Dr. Baker on everything, she does raise some good points. The article goes on to make some other good points:

To watch NBC's "To Catch A Predator" you'd think all predators are men. The series uses decoys on the Internet to lure men hoping to hook up with underage teens. Robert Weiss, executive director and founder of the Sexual Recovery Institute in Los Angeles, who provided his expertise in one of the episodes, says sexual compulsions on the Internet are male-dominated.

I wanted to make a comment on this. By not discussing or showing female offenders these type of shows only further reinforce the myths and stereotypes. Not to mention that the "predators" that are being caught are the stupid ones or the compulsive ones. The article then goes on to say this:

Then there is the ultimate double standard: The wink wink, nudge nudge, of boys getting their sexual initiation from grown women.

"Society sees it as they got 'lucky' " to receive a sexual initiation from a woman, according to Dr. Keith Kaufman, chairman of the department of psychology at Portland State University. "But their brain maturation isn't complete. Boys aren't in a position to give consent to a sexual relationship. Girls see it as abusive much more quickly. Boys won't want to see themselves as a victim."

There is a prevailing sense that boys are not harmed by sexual liaisons with older women. It's called the "Mrs. Robinson Syndrome," after the character in the 1967 film "The Graduate." But Benjamin, Mrs. Robinson's target, wasn't a child; he was in his 20s, had just graduated from college and was contemplating that career in plastics.

"We tend to see the female teacher-male student relationship as less abusive and less harmful psychologically," according to Dr. Susan G. Kornstein, a psychiatrist and director of the Institute for Women's Health and the Mood Disorders Institute at Virginia Commonwealth University. "But in fact, a sexual relationship between a female teacher and a male student can be just as harmful and can have both short- and long-term consequences on the child's emotional stability and psychological and sexual development."

Boys who have sex with grown women are anything but "lucky." "It is always abuse," says Dr. Kaufman.

My final point is that we in no way should deny or minimize what has happened to millions of women and girls. But we also need to focus on male victims and give them the same respect and treatment options.
Source: whataboutwhenmomistheabuser.blogspot.com/2008/07/mother-son-sexual-abuse.html

Current Feed Content


Woman sentenced for torture murder
While I frequently post about sexual assault cases by females I still want to post about other abuse cases. The one below is an example of just how awful a human being can act:

An Illinois judge sentenced a woman to 45 years in prison in the torture slaying of a pregnant, developmentally impaired mother, saying the beatings, scalds and gunshot wounds she suffered were unacceptible.

Females in Authority Emerging as Child Predators
I find it good to see more and more articles showing up that look at these issues: Child predators can be anywhere, and now we are learning child predators can be anyone."The conversation has come up lately because we have charged more than normal in the last several years."About a half dozen women- all in authority positions- accused of molesting the kids who trust them.

Most recently sentenced, Female Sexual Abusers not so rare
The article talks about female sexual abusers not being as rare as some might think. One of the sad things about this is that research has been going on for decades on this issue and it has been known that they are not so rare:WINDSOR, Ont. — She gave him life and was the only parent he ever knew. In the way she snapped photos of him sleeping and playing happily, she was like any other Oprah Show - Women who molest

Posted: 2010-02-21 05:24:11 UTC-05:00

On 2/15/10 Oprah ran a show about a mother who raped her children. I thought it was good that she started off by saying that we don't hear much about this but that does not mean it does not go on. As for the rest of the interview I think each person would have to decide for themselves what they thought of the show.I think the interview showed some information thatMother rapes 12 year old hundreds of times

Posted: 2010-02-19 03:27:00 UTC-05:00

This case is about a 36 year old mother who raped a 12 year old boy hundreds of times. What is even worst is that she kept a diary about each event. The reporting done on the story is awful as well and I wish they would just call it what it is, rape:U.K. - A single mother had sex with a 12-year-old boy almost 200 times - marking each encounter with a star in a sordid diary.Angela Sullivan, 36, Ex-teacher gets 7 year sentence

Posted: 2010-02-16 03:06:00 UTC-05:00

Thsi is a case of a former day care worker and teacher at a christian school. For those that think that private schools or religious schools are a safe haven think again:Missouri - A former day care worker and teacher was sentenced to seven years in prison Monday after she pleaded guilty to statutory rape and sodomy."Everyone was pleased with the outcome -- everyone on our side," said Jill Female Sex Offenders - Oprah Show

Posted: 2010-02-14 00:13:40 UTC-05:00

In preparation for the Oprah show on Monday 2/15/10 I wanted to do a quick post of some information and hopefully the show will touch on some of this:Approximately 95% of all youth reporting staff sexual misconduct said they had been victimized by female staff. In 2008, 42% of staff in state juvenile facilities were female. (Bureau of Justice Report)One in six adult men reported being sexually Oprah Show - Women who molest

Posted: 2010-02-13 03:52:58 UTC-05:00

On Monday 2/15/10 the Oprah Show has the following:Tune InIt's the side of child molestation that's rarely talked about. For years, he was raped by his own mother. What happens when women are the molesters. I am very much hoping that the show looks at this issue in an honest factual way rather than how many media stories do. Dr. Christine Hatchard of MDSA (Making Daughters Safe Again) has the Woman sentenced for rape of child

Posted: 2010-02-12 02:59:00 UTC-05:00

This case has a heading on the story that I wish more papers would use. It states "Woman who raped boy..." and that is how it should read. Sadly in the first sentence it then says "A Wheatfield woman who had a sexual relationship with an adolescent boy...". The comments from the victims mother and the assisstant DA are interesting and I am happy they printed them:LOCKPORT — A Wheatfield woman Oprah Show looking for people who had been sexually abused by a Female

Posted: 2010-02-11 07:36:16 UTC-05:00

It looks like the Oprah show may finally do a show about Female Sex Offenders and their victims. The Oprah show is looking for:When you were a child, were you sexually abused by an adult female? The Oprah Show is looking for adults who are willing to discuss the sexual abuse they suffered at the hands of a mother, aunt, family friend or other female in your life. How did the sexual abuse start Woman sentenced for sexually abusing her 2 year old

Posted: 2010-02-09 02:48:01 UTC-05:00

This article is about a woman sentenced to prison for sexually abusing her 2 year old son and broadcasting it live on the internet while doing so. A horrible case:Canada - A Windsor-area mother who sexually assaulted her two-year-old son live on the Internet was sentenced to more than three years in prison yesterday after an Ontario court judge took the rare step of rejecting a shorter sentence Teacher sentenced

Posted: 2010-02-05 05:44:00 UTC-05:00

The article below is about a teacher that was sentenced to 20 years for her actions against a 13 year old student. What really irks me is the title of the article where it says "sentenced to 20 years for seducing 13-year old student". Why is it so hard for these places to just label it what it is and that is sexual assault.BOISE, Idaho - (CBS) Ashley Jo Beach expressed her remorse and apologized Follow up on torture case

Posted: 2010-02-02 05:35:00 UTC-05:00

Previously I posted about a case where a mother was accused of torturing her son. You can read the previous post HERE.Some of the excerpts from that previous post are:Investigators allege she put her 2-and-a-half-year-old son Zachary in boiling water on Oct. 20, according to court papers, causing second- and third-degree burns on his buttocks and scrotum. Those burns prompted the child abuse and Bureau of Justice Report - Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities

Posted: 2010-01-29 04:07:00 UTC-05:00

The Bureau of Justice has released a special report on sexual victimization in juvenile facilities. When many people think prisons or correctional facilities and inmates being sexually victimized they think of inmates being the main cause as well as males being the ones doing so. Two key points from the report are these:That the majority of sexual victimization reported by youth in juvenile Female Sex Offenders and their victims- Reference materials and scholarly papers

Posted: 2010-02-27 02:46:59 UTC-05:00

Below is a listing of various research studies, articles, and publications about the issue of female offenders and their victims. I am hoping to maintain this list and add to it as I find more studies. I would ask ask that if anyone has some material that is not listed to please feel free to send it to me or post it in the comments section of this post and I will add it.PLEASE CLICK HERE TO GO TOMother gets 8 years for sexually abusing son's

Posted: 2010-01-15 09:58:00 UTC-05:00

This article below demonstrates not just that this happens but also the horrible mindset of the offender when she comments " it wasn’t forced. It was consensual":Mother who sexually abused sons gets 8 years in prisonBeersheba District Court finds 40-year-old woman guilty of sexually abusing two of her eight children; says 'acts were grave and enough to leave a permanent scar on a child's Female Sex Offender - victim story

Posted: 2010-01-12 06:01:00 UTC-05:00

The article below highlights many of the issues that victims of female offenders go through:Campaigner reveals how she was sexually abused by her own motherArticle from The Sun (UK)But for Susannah Faithfull it also brought back horrific memories of abuse she herself suffered - at the hands of her own MOTHER.Mum-of-two Susannah, 54, who was subjected to years of depraved attacks, runs a therapy Girl offenders

Posted: 2010-01-08 01:58:00 UTC-05:00

While most of the articles on here are about women it does not mean that girls are not also abusers. This story below is one such example:Judge sentences teenage girls, calls them 'child monsters'By SARAH BURGETwo teenage girls convicted of murdering a Lake Elsinore mother so they could steal her car and go to Knott's Berry Farm received lengthy prison sentences Friday along with harsh words fromFemale Offenders online

Posted: 2010-01-05 01:09:00 UTC-05:00

This article below talks about an another area that is almost never talked about when the discussion comes around to the internet and sexual predators:Women go online to share child sex-abuse fantasiesBy Nina LakhaniDays before three women are to be sentenced, an IoS investigation suggests thousands may share their interestsThousands of women appear to be using the internet to share sexual Female Pedophile Sentenced

Posted: 2010-01-01 02:37:00 UTC-05:00

In the article below we get to read some of the comments from the convicted and from the victims families:Sheila Granger, 33, of Henryville and a New Albany hair dresser, was sentenced on Thursday to a total of 60 years in prison for molesting two juvenile boys from August 2007 to August 2008. (victims were age 11).Clark County Superior Court No. 1 Judge Vicki Carmichael handed down the verdict Moral Courage

Posted: 2009-12-29 01:31:00 UTC-05:00

I recently had an experience that I wanted to blog about for my last post of this year. The experience got me to thinking about Moral Courage and how rare it often is. I try not to comment to much as my lack of writing skills becomes glaringly obvious when I do. But I think if more people would stand up and show moral courage in the new year we would have much less of the issues this blog has Video - Female Sexual Abuse of Children

Posted: 2009-12-27 08:06:43 UTC-05:00

This is part 4 of the BBC program Panorama:Video - Female Sexual Abuse of Children

Posted: 2009-12-27 08:06:24 UTC-05:00

This is part 3 of the BBC program Panorama:Video - Female Sexual Abuse of Children

Posted: 2009-12-27 08:06:04 UTC-05:00

This is part 2 of the BBC program Panorama:Video - BBC program

Posted: 2010-02-27 06:27:18 UTC-05:00

This is the start of a 4 part series of videos of the BBC program Panorama from 1997. The written transcripts of this program are else where on this blog and I wanted to add the videosPart 1 -

Source: http://feeds2.feedburner.com/WhatAboutWhenMomIsTheAbuser

Sexual Battery?


Caution: The following may contain language and thoughts that you might think are just not PC (politically correct). Well, skip this then. A sexist story by Scott Winokur titled, "New Wave of litigation expands women's rights to the bedroom" in the San Francisco Chronicle story and goes on to talk about a woman who received herpes simplex type 2 from her lover. She sued for sexual battery, negligent misrepresentation and intentional infliction of emotional stress. The article went on to cover chlamydia, papilloma virus, gonorrhea and syphilis (genital warts, yeast infection, etc.) What it neglected to say was that, chances are, the man got the infection from a woman. Isn't that interesting. Now, he probably won't sue her because men seldom go after women for money. I received herpes simplex type 2 from a professional woman who I later found out had the virus. She didn't inform my before we had sex, and claimed she couldn't have given it to me. Since I wasn't having sex with anyone else, I could have gotten it from stress. But, I doubt it. And, condoms didn't prevent it. It appears at the base of the penis in the same location as it appeared on her vagina. As the headline denotes, the way the law looks at it is that it's a woman's right to sue for receiving, but don't dare sue her if you're a man and a recipient! And women wonder why it's so hard for many men to trust them. But, if I become famous, you'll write a book about our private life, our sexual life, what will they think of next? And you want me to commit? Commitment is an "I lose, you win" word. One of the interesting lines in the story was very telling. Saying that Sexual Harassment cases became big because plaintiffs could get big awards from deep-pocket corporations, it goes on to say "But in STD cases, the sole source of recovery is the individual defendant, whose vulnerability to being sued is grater depending on HIS assets..." (Capitalization is mine.) What about HER assets? Another case in law, like domestic violence, stalking, visitation, sexual harassment, statutory rape, where, if the man is the victim, for the most part, those are the breaks. The law, the police, social services, you name it, just aren't there. It goes on to say that "The perfect defendant...is "independently wealthy, often times married with a family, eager to keep the matter confidential and willing to spend big bucks." Sort of a case of legal blackmail, wouldn't you say. However, "The prospect of getting a limited financial recovery or none at all from men of lesser means - while serving as a reality check on the hopes of sexually damaged women - hasn't halted their determined march to the courtroom." Continuing the "he" story, "...it may be difficult to prove the prospective defendant actually had the disease because HIS medical records may be unobtainable." "... it doesn't necessarily follow that HE was the partner who infected the plaintiff." "Moreover, a jury may be likely to think that an STD victim...'takes HER chances'." Women AND men are victims in the area of STD's. We get them from each other. Just another example of the law keeping women victims once again.

For the record: Est. annual newly diagnosed cases of STDs in the U.S. Chlamydia 4 million, human papilloma virus 500M-1 mil, gonorrhea 800M, genital herpes 200M-500M, syphilis 100M, AIDS 90M, hepatitis B 53M. SOURCE: Federal Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 1994

How Often Does Child Sexual Abuse Get Reported?


Not nearly as often as it should. Most child abuse victims never report the crime or get help in coming to grips with this life-changing trauma. They move into adulthood with a broken heart and low self esteem. Much misbehavior and acting out can be traced to an incident which occurred which left the child feeling confused, betrayed and angry.

In an attempt to cope with the confusing reality of what has happened to them, many children develop survival skills or behaviors that will help them to cover up what they are really feeling. Families, friends and society sometimes see and judge the problem behavior when it is actually a symptom of the internal pain which has never been addressed.

The number of reports is rising each year due to mandatory reporting laws, better public education and greater public awareness of the problem. Over the last 30 years many key developments in law enforcement have made it easier to deal with victims and their families with greater understanding, making it easier for them to come forward and ask for help.

In the Commonwealth Fund Survey of the Health of Adolescent Girls, they found that of sexually abused children in grades five through twelve, 48% of the boys and 29% of the girls had told no one about the abuse—not even a friend or sibling. If indeed, sexual abuse happens to one in four children, yet only 1.8 cases are reported per 1,000 children you have to wonder why.

The most common reasons given by victims for not reporting these crimes to authorities:

1. They feel no one will believe them, as the perpetrator has told them repeatedly.

2. They are so consumed with self-blame and shame that it happened to them.

3. A parent or another adult believes them, but doesn’t want to involve outside parties. They feel it is a private matter and they will just keep the child away from the individual who was hurting them, so as not to disturb the family unit or community.

4. The child or the family is afraid of reprisal from the assailant.

There is always hope and assistance for recovery:

Even if your child or you made a decision to not report it at the time abuse happened, there are so many different methods and techniques to help you heal and gain greater understanding of what has happened to you or your child. No one deserves to suffer from painful memories. Healing is possible no matter how long ago the abuse took place. There is help, guidance and tools available to assist both victims and perpetrators overcome painful pasts and look forward to a future full of hope and promise.

Every state has a child-protection agency that is responsible for investigating sexual-abuse complaints. Any incident, or suspected incident, should be reported to this agency and to the police. Go with the child and then refrain from talking about the incident in front of people who really don’t need to know. When you report it to the police, ask for an officer trained in dealing with children and ask for a private place to discuss the situation. Children are usually a little bit more open with someone who does not remind them of the perpetrator. Stay with your child and support him/her as they answer questions.

What should a parent do:

Tell them again and again, that they are not at fault. Reiterate that it is the job of adults to protect children, not hurt them. Reassure them that you believe them and will support their efforts and those of the police in seeing this never happens to another child. Most offenders molest more than one child; especially in cases of incest. Breaking the silence and reporting the perpetrator to the authorities or a trusted adult will protect other children. Be sure to tell your child it takes courage to speak out when things are wrong, and you are proud of them for stepping forward.
Source: By Judy H. Wright, ezinearticles.com/?expert=Judy_H._Wright

FBI Discounts Male Rape


Outdated Definition Used by FBI is a Source of Injustice, Jane Eisner. About eight times a day, a man, woman or child is forcibly raped in Pennsylvania. Or, more precisely, is reported to have been raped, this being the least reported of crimes.

From the State Police's bureau of research and development we know that nearly 10 percent of the more than 3,000 reported victims of rape in 1999 were male. Most were under 18; 90 were 10 and younger.

Adolescent boys. Vulnerable boys. Boys who likely will drag the scars of that experience with them as they stumble toward adulthood, just as surely as their unfortunate sisters who were sexually assaulted. Rape isn't about sex. It's about the dehumanizing abuse of power and privacy.

Except in the eyes of the FBI.

For reasons both sexist and bureaucratic, the FBI continues to employ a narrow, anachronistic definition of rape in what is known as the Uniform Crime Report (UCR), the annual compilation of national crime statistics. Rape simply is "the carnal knowledge of a female, forcibly and against her will."

All the variations of rape outside that definition - rape of males, rape committed against the victim's will but without force, statutory rape - are downgraded in the UCR to a lesser, less-reported category of crime. As a result, says Carol E. Tracy of the Women's Law Project in Philadelphia, "the public at large really doesn't have any idea of the extent of sex crimes in this country."

Tracy and the Law Project have begun campaigning to broaden this definition. This week, they sent draft letters to sexual-assault coalitions across the country, outlining the consequences of the problem. They hope to garner signatures and support before presenting a final argument to the FBI in mid-June.

Although she doesn't hold out much hope that the FBI will act quickly, criminologist Jane Siegel says many of her peers consider the UCR definition woefully inadequate. "This is not just semantics, it's a significant issue," says Siegel, assistant professor of criminal justice at Rutgers University in Camden.

"It continues to reinforce the image of rape as that specific act defined in the UCR," she says. "If the police don't believe a woman was raped if she wasn't beaten, it makes the task of sensitizing the police all the more difficult."

It has also created anomalies within the UCR. Rape data from Illinois are not included in the UCR, for instance, because that state refuses to adhere to the FBI's narrow definition and reports all rapes as rapes.

Let it be said that this is an issue of reporting, not prosecution. In Pennsylvania and most other states, rape is more broadly defined and gender-neutral - which is why Harrisburg records both male and female victims. But Tracy argues that the narrower FBI definition sends a dampening message to police departments: These other sorts of rape aren't as significant. They're not worth quick responses or aggressive investigation.

Maybe they're not really rape.

The injustice of this message is staggering. A recent federal report found that 31 percent of victims of sexual assault under age 6 were male. Yet the FBI would count sexual assaults on those boy-victims as Other Sex Crimes, a less important category reported only when an arrest has been made.

The UCR also lumps rapes committed by blood relatives in that lesser category, and rapes in which there is no evidence of physical force. Do we really expect that the most vulnerable of victims - children, and the mentally or physically disabled - are able to resist sexual assault? Why should the crimes against them be discounted simply because these victims have no physical bruises?

This is hardly the first time the UCR has been criticized. In the 1980s, the FBI included a broader, more realistic definition of rape in a new system for gathering crime data called the National Incident- Based Reporting System. But the new system is so detailed and complex that now, more than 15 years later, it is used only in small communities. "For a department of our size," says Philadelphia Deputy Police Commissioner Charles Brennan, "it will take millions of dollars and years of time to move in that direction."

The much more sensible option, one that Brennan advocates, is to expand the UCR's definition of rape to make it more consistent with state and local law enforcement standards. Keep the old definition, too, if that helps to track trends and comparisons. But for the sake of accuracy and fairness, the UCR, now more than 70 years old, must be brought into the 21st century.

Centuries ago, rape was defined not as a crime against a person, but as a crime against property. The underlying message was clear: Women were property, to be protected from defilement from those outside the family, and men were, well, never raped.

Our concepts of sexuality, privacy and personhood have advanced since then. Time for the FBI to catch up.

Source: www.commondreams.org/views01/0510-01.htm

About Male Sexual Victimization, Richard Gartner


Concern about sexual abuse has nearly always emphasized the victimization of girls and women. This misleadingly implies that sexual abuse among boys and men is rare. Yet , as was stated in an article in the December 2, 1998 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, “the sexual abuse of boys is common, underreported, under recognized, and under treated.” The best research indicates that 17% of men were directly victimized sexually by age 16, with another 14% reporting indirect sexual abuse. Thus, approximately one in six boys experiences direct sexual contact with an adult or older child by age sixteen. Often these incidents are misconstrued as “sexual initiation” or as events for which the boy is responsible. Sexual victimization of men is likewise often unacknowledged and misunderstood.

To be identified as a sexual victim makes many boys and men question their masculinity and/or sexual orientation. The shame that accompanies such doubts silences many boys about their experiences. Yet if abuse remains unacknowledged and untreated, it may lead to such personal and societal consequences as depression, anxiety, and other mental health problems, in addition to self-destructive behaviors, substance abuse, and family dysfunction.

Prevailing myths about the sexual abuse of boys often interfere with recognizing and treating the problem. A prime example is the preconception that all abused boys become perpetrators of abuse, when in fact about three quarters of these boys never become sexual offenders. Because of the widespread belief in the myth, however, many men and boys are afraid they will become abusive and/or will be thought to be offenders should they talk about their victimization.

Another complicating myth is that boys sexually abused by men become homosexual. In fact, boys who are sexually abused may grow up to be heterosexual, gay, or bisexual. Most researchers believe that sexual orientation is rooted in factors having nothing to do with sexual victimization, and in most cases has already been well established before a boy is abused. But, while sexual abuse does not determine sexual orientation, many sexually abused boys and men become very confused or feel negatively about both their sexual orientation and their sexual functioning in general.

The aim of the National Organization on Male Sexual Victimization (NOMSV) is to educate about, advocate for, and insure proper treatment is available to sexually victimized boys and men. It is the only non-profit national organization that specifically addresses male sexual victimization. Its mission statement is: “Dedicated to a safe world, we are an organization of diverse individuals, committed through research, education, advocacy and activism to the prevention, treatment and elimination of all forms of sexual victimization of boys and men.”

Since 1988, NOMSV has held national conferences for male survivors, their significant others, and professionals who work with them. These biennial conferences include both educational and healing workshops. The next conference will be held in New York City on October, 2001.

In 1998, NOMSV also began to organize and support regional healing retreats for sexually abused men. Both the conferences and the retreats are needed resources to share practical information and ask questions as well as safe places for some men to acknowledge their own sexual victimization.

In addition, NOMSV maintains a web site www.malesurvivor.org to inform and educate about male sexual victimization. It includes bibliographies, first-person accounts, and articles about male sexual victimization.

Incorporated as a non-profit in 1995, NOMSV was granted Federal tax-exempt status in 1996. Richard B. Gartner, Ph.D, 27 West 72nd Street #708 New York, NY 10023-3498, 212-533-0345 or rgartner@richardgartner.com or www.richardgartner.com

 
Campus Rape Prevention Program Targets Men's Restrooms


Ohio State University Rape Education and Prevention Program will place several hundred rubber urinal screens in urinals across campus, custom printed with the message "You hold the power to stop rape in your hand." They say "The intent is not to single men out, but to implement a variety of innovative marketing campaigns that reach different student populations on campus," claims director Michael Scarce. We're anxiously awaiting the other innovative campaigns to the other "student populations". See Merchandise, Slide Guide, Safe Dating Guide

 

Wrongful Rape Convictions


DNA evidence proved that a Portsmouth, VA man had been mistakenly accused of rape - but not before he spent 8 1/2 months in jail and lost his job. A 12-year-old girl "positively" identified him as the attacker and his name was released to the media, but genetic evidence cleared him. He requested DNA testing immediately after arrest, but says Marjorie Taylor, the prosecutor, was not interested in pursuing the matter.

A former Sunday school teacher who spent 2 1/2 years in jail before being acquitted of molestation charges is seeking $110 million in damages from the San Diego County.

A man who spent three years in prison on a wrongful rape conviction is suing the state of California, Los Angeles County, and several other groups. The man, a nurse, was sentenced to eight years on a charge of raping a mental patient at Metropolitan State Hospital in Norwalk. He was freed after DNA testing proved him innocent. He says he has gone bankrupt and lost his home and many possessions.

The state of Maryland is giving $300,000 to a Cambridge man for the nine years he spent in prison before genetic evidence cleared him of a rape-murder charge.

The Other Side of Rape - Every Five Minutes a Man is Forcibly Rape in the U.S.


This represents over 100,000 men each year. However, this information isn't reported in government documents because, as stated in the Uniform Crime Reporting definition, the victims of forcible rape are always female. The definition "Forcible rape, as defined in the Program, is the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. Assaults or attempts to commit rape by force or threat of force are also included; however, statutory rape (without force) and other sex offenses are excluded." According to government statistics, in 1992 109,062 women were forcibly raped. The 100,000 plus men don't qualify. Be sure and see the book and video review of Awakenings. While not directly or currently effecting most of you, you've got a 1 in 5 chance of being faced with this problem. See Jailhouse Rock.

1. 2, 3. Fraternities Speak Out Against Sexual Abuse


It happened on August 13, 1985. A national fraternity (Pi Kappa Phi) made a public statement against sexual abuse (1). And, it was unanimously passed by all of its chapters. They went even further. They developed a power poster to hang on the wall of each of their fraternity houses in the nation. It is a copy of a famous print of a Greek orgy (2). And, the message was even stronger (3) with the subhead "Against her will is against the law." If other national fraternities follow suit, their would be a major reduction in sexual assaults on campus and a lot fewer young college men ending up in prison. If you are or were in a fraternity, be pro-active and insure that your brothers know the consequences of their actions. And, to work towards of positive respect for women as co-creators of the world to come.

The following is the essence of the Statement of Position on Sexual Abuse: "The members of Pi Kappa Phi Fraternity believe that the attitudes and behavior exhibited by members of the collegiate population have direct bearing on the quality of their present and future life and that there is an increased consciousness of sexual exploitation and violence and incidences thereof not just on the nation's college campuses but in society and the Greek community has stated its responsibility in leadership, scholarship, community services, human dignity and respect, Pi Kappa Phi is committed to excellence in the Greek community, and this requires us to identify and solve serious problems that prevent the growth and development of our brothers, and strives to foster an atmosphere of healthy and proper attitudes and behavior towards sex and the sex roles, and wishes that the incidences of sexual abuse (mental and physical abuse - coercion, manipulation, harassment) between the men and women of the collegiate community be halted. Therefore, be it resolved that Pi Kappa Phi fraternity will not tolerate or condone any form of sexually-abusive behavior (either physically, mentally or emotionally) on the part of any of its members, and encourages educational programming involving social and communication skills, interpersonal relationships, social problem awareness, etiquette and sex-role expectations; and will develop a reward system to recognize chapters and individuals that lead in fostering a healthy attitude towards the opposite sex."

 How do you know when "Yes" means "Yes"?


This story took place at Brown University. On that campus, women students drink but refuse to take any responsibility for their actions. In this case, she's the one that came to his room. She didn't appear to be drunk. And, she was the one who started the kissing. She's the one who starting petting. She's the one who asked him to get a condom. She talked with him for hours after they had sex and left her name and number and asked him to call before she left. But, five weeks later she claims to have no memory of the event and accused him of rape.

According to the group, Coalition Against Sexual Assault, if we think you're guilty, you're guilty. This small group of the self appointed "politically correct" activist students and teachers from CASA (which stands for "home" in Spanish - not a very safe one if you disagree with them) obviously aren't interested in the truth. Because they believe that they hold the moral position and they shout down anyone who disagrees with them. And, in this segment, when that didn't work, they pulled the cord on 20/20s recording equipment. Their music teachers agrees. He claims the background to state that this student is a lepor to this college campus.

Does this seem familiar? Some in this group say that anyone accused doesn't deserve the benefit of the doubt. Brings back images of Salem, doesn't it?. It's obvious that the Brown University campus has a dictatorship of the politically correct. The "victim" who would speak at rallies, didn't want her name used and it wasn't used in public, on television or in the campus newspaper. The same rights weren't afford the male involved. But, this isn't unusual nor the first time the Brown University campus has been a hot bed of political tourney. In the future, they'll probably blame it on the water.

How can we ever expect to bring up our girls to take responsibility for their lives when we make sure that they know that they don't have to be. Nothing is their fault. What they do when they're drunk, or depressed, or on PMS or break up with their boyfriend, whatever they do they cannot be held responsible for. What a far cry from the many cultures who bring up their daughters as responsible adults by 13, who start and maintain healthy families at 13. Who, at 13, raise their children to become responsible adults. But, at Brown University, 21 year olds aren't responsible and so blame others for their actions. And, get away with it.

The result is that men must really be aware if you're in any kind of a relationship with a woman - whether lover or spouse - No means No and only yes means yes and then only if she hasn't had anything to drink. And, even when sober, be sure she's on top. It's much more difficult to be falsely accused of rape, that way.

Has political correctness gone too far? Six year old boys are being trained not to try to kiss a girl. Nine year old brothers are taught not to poke their older sister in the butt or they'll be classified a sexual deviate. Connect this with a recent survey that showed that 35% of men 18-35 never plan to marry. With this trend growing, it's going to be interesting if the next generation of boys will have anything to do with womenc romantically. But, I guess that's what sperms banks are for.

Request


Information on services: men molested as children; men incested as children; men raped as children or adults (by a male; by a female); women molested as children; women incested as children; women raped as children or adults (by a male; by a female); partners of male incest/molestation survivors; partners of female incest/molestation survivors. (See Ritual Abuse which is often Sexual Abuse.)

 

Snippets on the Sexual Abuse of Children


The following highlights might be of interest:

  • The most recent estimate of incidence looks only at the child protection system and finds that, in 1993, there were 330,000 reports of child sexual abuse, of which 150,000 were substantiated.
  • The percentage of adults disclosing histories of sexual abuse in these studies ranges from 2% to 62% for females, and 3% to 16% for males.
  • There is no universal or uniform impact of sexual abuse. It cannot be assumed that the relative presence or absence of a give symptom or symptom complex is indicative of a sexual abuse history.
  • The extent to which a child manifests psychological problems after being sexually abused, either in the short or long term, is a function of an undetermined number of variables about the circumstances of the abuse, as well as individual and environmental factors that existed prior to or occurred subsequent to, the incidents of sexual abuse. Given that so much attention has been focused on the processes of reporting, investigation, and adjudication, it is important to know the results of these efforts and whether children have been protected. Unfortunately, very little information is available.
  • Mandatory reporting laws have greatly assisted our society in identifying and responding to child sexual abuse. However, there may be an excessive number of reports made based on weak suspicions that cannot be substantiated by investigators.
  • Each state, and indeed each locale, should look closely at the extent to which mandated reporters or other citizens are reporting incidents that are unsubstantiated.
  • Given the evolving research about children's suggestibility, caution is in order. Exaggerated claims that children, including preschool children, can never accurately report or always accurately report are not supported by the literature. Doll play is not a diagnostic test for detecting child sexual abuse; how a child uses or plays with a doll is not determinative of whether sexual abuse occurred.
  • Mental health professionals have sought to testify as experts under several different scenarios, and the courts have been divided in their response.
  • Every effort must be made not to confuse the issue of adults remembering events of childhood with the issue of children remembering events of childhood.
  • Unlike prevention efforts for other types of abuse and neglect, prevention efforts for sexual abuse have focused almost exclusively on trying to teach all children through group-based instruction about how to protect themselves from, or respond to, sexual abuse.
  • The number of reported cases of sexual abuse has risen faster in recent years than the number of reported cases of other forms of child abuse and neglect.
  • All of the observed increases in reporting could be explained simply by increased awareness and willingness to detect and disclose.
  • In adult retrospective surveys, victims of abuse indicate that no more than 10 to 30% of offenders were strangers.
  • Intrafamily perpetrators constitute less than half of the total in retrospective studies.
  • A major difference between boy victims and girl victims is that boys are less likely to be abused with the family. And, boys are more likely to be abused by females than are girls.
  • The peak vulnerability for abuse of both boys and girls occurs between the ages of 7 and 13.
  • A variety of studies document chronic self-perceptions of helplessness and hopelessness, impaired trust, self-blame and low self-esteem in abused children.
  • In children, anger is frequently expressed in behavioral problems, with abused children and adolescents displaying significantly more difficulties in this area than what is found typically in the general population.
  • Addicted survivors may respond more definitively to therapeutic or self-help interventions that reduce he abuse-related internal distress motivating chemical dependency.
  • Research and clinical observation have long suggested that child sexual abuse is associated with both initial and long-term alternations in social functioning.
  • There is no single universal or uniform impact of sexual abuse, and no certainty that any given person will develop any post traumatic responses to sexual abuse.
  • As many as one-fourth of all sexually abused children either report no initial abuse-related problems or may no longer present with demonstrable symptomatology within two years of their abuse.
  • Only 46% of the child abuse known to community professionals was reported to child protection.
  • Coordinating multi-agency interviewing of child witnesses can reduce the number of necessary interviews and avoid added trauma to the children.
  • Many in the judicial system would like to see only one victim interview. his desire is in sharp contract with the realities of child development and the disclosure of abuse statements by children.
  • Interviewers must have knowledge of cognitive and language development, and be skilled in communicating with young children.
  • Prosecution is more common for sexual abuse than for other forms of abuse. In 17% of sexual abuse cases, criminal charges are filed, compared to 1 to 3% for other types of abuse.
  • Given the developmental constraints of young children, it is often impossible to avoid suggestive questions. This need for suggestive question is the central dilemma facing interviewers.
  • Done poorly, interviews undermine the ability to protect children and raise the specter of false allegations. Done well, interviews help children reveal their memories.
  • For many children, facing the defendant is the most difficult aspect of testifying.
  • Judges have authority to protect children from harassment and intimidation and this authority applies in criminal and civil litigation.
  • Children are strong and resilient and most of them cope with testifying and move on with their lives. Indeed, with proper preparation and support, some children are empowered by testifying.
  • The public is generally unaware that trials are the exception rather than the rule. Only a small fraction of the cases that come to official attention end in trials.
  • Approximately 66% of child sexual abuse charges end in guilty pleas before trial, a proportion which is similar to that for other crimes.
  • Because of the fear and belief that sex offenders will reoffend, approximately half the states require convicted sex offenders to register with local law enforcement agencies.
  • Nearly one-fourth of the judges indicated that clinicians' opinions are seldom or never useful in child protection cases, presumably even at the dispositional stage.
  • The role conflicts between investigator and therapist are so profound that mental health professionals should avoid the investigative process altogether.
  • The legal system is intended to promote justice; the mental health system is designed to promote mental health. These goals can clash.
  • The law may inadvertently undermine or detract attention and resources away from mental health services for abused children.
  • Mental health professionals often believe that reporting suspected maltreatment disrupts treatment and, therefore, increases the risk to the child.
  • The most realistic objective for the legal system in its relationship to child victims may be to do no harm. (We hope CPS is listening.)
  • The medical profession, like so many others, is still in the infancy of its understanding of child sexual abuse and how best to deal with it.
  • Despite this increase in attention to child sexual abuse, physician training about reporting and medically evaluating suspected abuse is inconsistent.
  • While there is general acceptance that a tiered regional system is most appropriate, so far only a few states have taken action to formalize regional medical referral networks.
  • By law, the mandate to report suspected child abuse supersedes normal doctor-patient confidentiality.
  • Reporting is also hindered by most pediatricians' lack of knowledge about and inability to identify abnormalities in pediatric anogenital anatomy that might be indicative of child sexual abuse.
  • In most cases of child sexual abuse, even in those where there is independent confirmation, there will be no physical findings of the sexual abuse.
  • Examiners and researchers often use dissimilar terms to describe the same anatomic areas and physical findings.
  • Practitioners conducting medical evaluations should receive training in how to reduce stress for the child during the exam.
  • The well-intentioned purpose of child protective efforts does not prevent them from being unpleasant - and sometimes counterproductive - intrusions into family life.
  • Parental rights, moreover, can be protected without jeopardizing the safety and well-being of maltreated children.
  • Unsubstantiated rates of the current magnitude go beyond anything reasonably needed; a high rate of unsubstantiated reports should concern everyone.
  • It is important to reassure children of all ages that they are not to blame for their parents' maltreatment or for the actions taken by the authorities against their parents.
  • While the effects of sexual abuse among children are often devastating, they are not uniform. A surprising number of abused children cope, survive, and even thrive in spite of their unfortunate histories.
  • Child molesters may engage in incestuous, as well as non incestuous, abuse and may target children of both genders.
  • Juveniles may offend against their peers, against younger children, or against adults. Many of their victims may be children simply because the juvenile offender lacks the means to offend against an adult.
  • Unfortunately, controlled studies that measure the effectiveness of different types of treatment against different types of offenders are lacking.
  • In all likelihood, there is not one causative factor, but rather multiple pathways by which a person develops a sexual attraction to minors.
  • An additional problem with conviction records as a measure of recidivism is that many sexual offenses are plea bargained down to non sexual offenses.
  • A 1988 study showed a recidivism rate of 32% over four years. If incest offenders were dropped from this group, the recidivism rate rose to 40%.
  • Where in-depth treatment is available to incarcerated offenders, it is typically available to only a very small portion of the incarcerated offender population.
  • As of 1994, only the state of Washington required special certification for counselors treating sex offenders, although other states, including Texas and Wisconsin, were considering such a requirement.
  • Most agree that the prevention of child sexual abuse has not involved as broad an array of options as necessary.
  • One of the most consistent recommendations from the evaluations is the need to provide children with opportunities for role play to practice new skills such as assertiveness.
  • Among preschool participants, the more complex concepts, such as secrets and dealing with ambiguous feelings, often remain misunderstood.
  • Child sexual abuse prevention education, as an isolated strategy to prevent child sexual abuse, cannot succeed.
  • A great deal remains to be done in altering the public's perception of child sexual abuse as well as in strengthening parents' capacity to nurture their child's healthy sexual development.
  • A group in need of special, directed intervention are those adolescent males who have already exhibited behavior beyond the bounds of normal sexual curiosity or experimentation but have not yet abused younger children.
  • Social historians have analyzed the ebb and flow in this country's willingness to acknowledge and respond to the problem of child sexual abuse.
  • Because child sexual abuse stirs up strong emotions, denial, minimization, and rationalization have always played a central role in the societal response to child sexual abuse.
  • The backlash is characterized by extreme positions, lack of supporting research data, and near total rejection of the knowledge and experiences of childhood sexual abuse.
  • Valid criticism should be encouraged; it is essential to continually improving both professional and societal response to the problem of child sexual abuse.
  • At present, the public is bombarded with inaccurate and semi-accurate information, often with no real analysis or rebuttal.

Source: The Future of Children, a publication of the Center for the Future of Children, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation.


Newsbytes


Sexual Abuse Linked to Smoking in Women


A new study shows women who were sexually abused as children are nearly four-times more likely to be current smokers than women who didn't report sexual abuse.
Source: www.healthcentral.com/news/NewsFullText.cfm?id=8008095

Sex Trafficking of Minors


Ricky Martin has filmed television ads for his foundation People for Children. The spots, to be aired in the U.S. in the coming weeks, are part of a campaign against the sex-trafficking of minors.
Source: Rolling Store e-mail 6/1/04

Child Sexual Abuse Cases Harder To Track, Verify


The current priest scandal has put sexual abuse in the headlines for months, but doctors who evaluate abused children say the increased attention has done little for their beleaguered specialty.
Source: www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/23414/22002/349417.html

Childhood Sexual Abuse of Boys Tied to Psychological Problems when they become Men


Men who were sexually abused as boys or as adults often experience serious psychological consequences in later life, including an increased likelihood of trying to kill or harm themselves, a UK study suggests.

Researchers found that of nearly 2,500 men attending 18 medical practices, those with a history of sexual abuse were more likely than other men to report mental health, sexual or substance abuse problems. Among the 150 men who said they'd been sexually abused as children, 62% reported at least one such problem, as did 56% of the 69 men who said they'd been molested in adulthood--considered to be after age 16.

Dr. Michael King of Royal Free and University College Medical School in London led the study. The findings appeared in a recent issue of the British Journal of Psychiatry.

According to King's team, until recently there had been no data on how prevalent sexual abuse during adulthood is among European men, or on its psychological effects. In an earlier study, the researchers had found that nearly 3% of men in a sample of general practice patients reported being sexually molested as adults. The same was true of 18% of men seeking care at a clinic specializing in genital and urinary health.

In the current study, King's team found that, like men who'd been sexually abused as children, those who reported unwanted sexual contact in adulthood had a higher-than-average risk of sexual problems, substance abuse and "self-harm." Abuse in adulthood was particularly tied to self-harm, as was so-called consensual sexual contact with someone at least 5 years older before the age of 16--the legal age of consent in the UK.

Overall, childhood sex abuse showed the most widespread effect on long-term psychological health, with these men being twice as likely to report disorders like depression and anxiety and nearly four times as likely to have tried to kill or harm themselves.

Men who reported abuse in adulthood were about 2.5 times more likely to attempt to harm themselves compared with those with no abuse history. The risk was 70% higher than average among men who reported consensual sex with an older person before age 16.

"'Consensual' experiences in childhood and sexual molestation in adulthood are significant predictors of self-harm," according to King and his colleagues.

When men attempt to harm themselves, the researchers note, this should alert doctors to the possibility of past sexual abuse.
Source: British Journal of Psychiatry 2002;181:153-157, www.abcnews.go.com/wire/Living/reuters20020926_204.html

Teacher had sex with boy, 13


A teacher who admitted having a sexual relationship with a 13-year-old student has been sentenced to five years probation.

Pamela Diehl-Moore, 43, pleaded guilty in January to sexual assault as part of an agreement to avoid a possible three-year prison sentence.

"I really don't see the harm that was done and certainly society doesn't need to be worried," the Hackensack, New Jersey Judge Bruce Gaeta said yesterday. He ordered Diehl-Moore to continue counselling for severe depression.

The boy had just completed Diehl-Moore's seventh-grade class at Woodrow Wilson Middle School in Clifton when the six-month relationship began in the summer of 1999, authorities said.

Gaeta said the boy did not appear to suffer any psychological damage. "Maybe it was a way for him, once this happened, to satisfy his sexual needs. People mature at different ages," he said.

Diehl-Moore, a divorcee with two daughters, was suspended after her arrest last year. She has since lost her teaching licence.

Source: www.theaustralian.news.com.au/printpage/0,5942,4378908,00.html

He Didn't Ask for it Either


Have you always thought that sexual assault is only committed by men and boys against women and girls? Well, most incidents of sexual assault do happen that way...but not all of them. In fact, one out every five victims of sexual assault is a man. Source: www.teenwire.com/warehous/articles/wh_20020227p133.asp

1 in 14 Women Worldwide Has Been Sexually Assaulted


About one in 14 women worldwide has reported being sexually assaulted by someone other than an intimate partner, according to a new report.

In what is being called landmark research, investigators from South Africa, England and the World Health Organization looked at 77 studies published from 1998 to 2011 that contained data about non-partner sexual violence against women aged 15 and older in 56 countries.

Non-partner sexual violence is committed by people such as strangers, friends, acquaintances, colleagues, teachers, neighbors and family members other than partners.

The researchers found that 7.2 percent of women reported such an incident at some point in their lives, according to the study, which was published Feb. 11 in the journal The Lancet.

The United States and Canada, however, had sexual-assault rates well above the global average, at 13 percent.

Rates varied widely by country, with the highest reported in Africa. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, 21 percent of women reported sexual violence; the rate was 17.4 percent in Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Australia and New Zealand also reported high rates (16.4 percent).
Source: www.everydayhealth.com/news/one-in-fourteen-women-worldwide-has-been-sexually-assaulted/?xid=aol_eh-news_8_20140210_&aolcat=HLT&icid=maing-grid7%7Chtmlws-main-bb%7Cdl17%7Csec3_lnk3%26pLid%3D442532

Social Media and Sexual Violence: How Twitter Contributes to Rape Culture


Today’s rape victims face even greater distress and pain due to social media.

Rape is one of the most traumatic and horrifying acts of violence that a person can endure. Although it doesn’t seem possible, in recent years, rape has become even more painful and devastating for victims to survive.

In today’s technological culture, rape has become even more insidious as rapists and their accomplices have begun posting pictures and videos of their disgusting acts.

The most infamous case that comes to mind is the recent travesty that occurred in Steubenville, Ohio. Just over a year ago, a 16-year-old high school attended a party with many classmates and people whom she thought were her friends. During the night, she consumed several alcoholic beverages. She passed out and became incapacitated. At that point, several of her male classmates undressed her and assaulted her, all while others stood by taking video and pictures. The students then went on to post the video online, bragging about their deeds on Twitter and mocking the rape victim, calling her a “drunk whore” and a “slut.”

Unfortunately, the Steubenville, Ohio case is not an isolated incident. Just this week an image of a young woman and a man engaged in a public sex act near Ohio University went viral on the Internet. However, the woman says that the act was not consensual and she went to the police station the next day to file charges. Meanwhile, 10 people are reported to have stood by and filmed the alleged rape, with many of them posting the video online and spreading it around on their social media.

Imagine the shock and horror these rape victims must feel when they see they log onto the computer and see the world laughing at their pain. Not only are they violated by the rapists, but they are violated again and again, every time someone reposts the video or “likes” the image of her being raped. The comments on the videos (“You can’t rape the willing” and “That’s what drunk girls get”) are downright terrifying, especially for parents with young daughters.

How did we get to this point in society and what can we do to stop it?

I think the sad fact is that many of the people who were taping the incident in Steubeville, Ohio and at Ohio University did not realize that they were taping rape. Most people think that rape is something that happens in a dark alley with a masked man and a gun. They don’t realize that most acts of sexual assault occur at the hands of someone who knows the victim, even someone whom the victim has dated or has had classes with. They especially do not seem to realize that a falling-down drunk person cannot consent to sex.

For some reason, these students looked a drunk girl being raped and instead saw a “slut” who drank too much and deserved what she got. That’s not only because we don’t educate kids enough about rape, consent, and alcohol/drug abuse, but also because we live in a society in which women are devalued and dehumanized on a daily basis. Words like “slut” and “whore” aren’t just misogynist, they contribute to rape culture in which it is okay to violate, assault, and traumatize certain women in society. All a woman has to do is wear a short that people deem too short or have too many drinks and she goes from being a human being worthy of respect to someone who doesn’t even deserve a helping hand when she is being raped in front of a crowd of people.

We have to become proactive and engaged if we want to turn society around and stop this from happening again (which it most certainly will at this rate). We have to talk to kids about respect, consent, and bodily autonomy, and we have to teach them that rape isn’t just something that happens in dark alleys. It can happen right in the middle of one of their parties, and when it does, they need to know how to speak up and do the right thing. Instead of pulling out their phones to make a video, they need to pull out their phones and call the police, and only we can help guide our kids to make that choice when it occurs.
Source: www.everydayhealth.com/columns/dr-laura-berman-on-love-and-sex/social-media-and-sexual-violence-how-twitter-contributes-to-rape-culture/

Objectification


The ad under the "Lenny" icon ran in Bikini magazine, which isn't what you think if you haven't read an issue. It was sponsored by the Los Angeles Commission on Assaults Against Women. If you can't read the "headline" in red just below the woman's hemline, it reads "This is not an invitation to rape me." We agree 100%.  We also agree that women have the right to wear what they like. And, we have two concerns. That regardless of those rights, we don't seem to be teaching our daughters either about objectification or about the potential danger of high-risk behaviors. While this high-risk behavior isn't an invitation to rape, it remains a high-risk behavior in a culture that is afraid of sex so uses seduction, evocative clothing, and suggestive behaviors as part of everyday living. And, it's not uncommon for the press to snap movie stars and models coyly revealing bare breasts, nipples and vulvas in public. It seems curious that organizations like NOW attack men for looking and pay little or no attention to the other side of objectification - one that is encouraged constantly through hundreds of pictures and stories published in women's magazines, run on sitcoms, soap operas and talk shows that basically encourage both behaviors. Men objectifying women's bodies and women wearing the clothing, V-neck, push-up bras (Wonder, shelf, soft cups, floating underwire, fixed underwire and the list goes on) to give men something extra to objectify. In France, bare breasts in television commercials are quite common. In India, millions of men walk around totally nude and no-one hides their children's eyes. Yet here, in this great country founded on freedom, we are filled with laws to control individuals from being free. Being dishonest about sex. Teaching seduction and forgetting about intimacy. I've worked with many women in the advertising business. Smart, skilled and often attractive women, who gave me their mind as a major consideration. I don't display my body. I expect to be seen for my mind. Don't display yours and I will return the favor. Sidebar: The original campaign was created by a man back in the mid 90s. Trevor Beatty of TBWA, London, who brought you all those sexy "Hello Boy's" Wonderbra ads, started the campaign to counter the myth that only women in short skirts get raped and to "raise awareness about what constitutes a rape, what constitutes a rapist, and what constitutes a rape victim." Here are some of the more intriguing situations beyond the obvious that is portrayed above. A kiss, a wedding, a elderly woman with a cane and a woman giving a man her phone number. Each one has the same tag line, "this is not an invitation to rape me." It's interesting that woman's groups in England had reservations or were just downright hostile about it. Back then, Jane Wright of Victim Support Scheme in Somerset said that while the campaign may encourage more women to come forward, it's naive to think that it will change male attitudes. And Ann Mayne of the Campaign Against Pornography appeared on national television attacking Beatty and the posters even before they hit the streets. So, it's interesting that five years later, the Los Angeles Commission on Assaults Against Women is using it. How times change.

 

Bibliography on Female Offenders


Below is a listing of various research studies, articles, and publications about the issue of female offenders and their victims. (Last updated 2/28/10)

Abramson, P. R., & Pinkerton, S. D. (2001). A house divided: Suspicions of mother–daughter incest. New York: Norton.

Adams, Eve M. (1988). Sex of the Victim, Offender, and Helper: The Effects of Gender Differences on Attributions and Attitudes in Cases of Incest. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.

Adams, Kenneth (1991). Silently Seduced: When Parents Make their Children Partners – Understanding Covert Incest. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, Inc.

Adshead, Gwen, Howett, Mimi, & Mason, Fiona (1994). Women who sexually abuse children: The undiscovered country. Journalof Sexual Aggression, 1(1), 45-56.

Allen, C. M. (1990). Women as perpetrators of child sexual abuse: Recognition barriers. In Horton, A. L., Johnson, A. L., Roundy, B. L., & Williams, L. M. (Eds.), The Incest Perpetrator: A Family Member No One Wants To Treat, pp. 108-125. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Allen, C. M. (1991). Women and Men Who Sexually Abuse Children: A Comparative Analysis. Orwell, VT: Safer Society Press.

Allen, C. M., & Pothast, H. L. (1994). Distinguishing characteristics of male and female child sex abusers. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 21, 73-88.

Anderson, Irina, & Swainson, Victoria (1991). Perceived motivation for rape: Gender differences in beliefs about female and male rape. Current Research in Social Psychology, 6(8), 107-122. Available at http://www.uiowa.edu/~grpproc/crisp/crisp.6.8.htm

Anderson, Peter B. (1993). Sexual victimization: It happens to boys, too. Louisiana Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Journal, 57(1), 5, 12.

Anderson, Peter B. (1998). Variations in college women's self-reported heterosexual aggression. Sex Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 10(4), 283-92.

Anderson, Peter B. (1998). Women’s motives for sexual initiation and aggression. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 79-93. New York: The Guilford Press.

Anderson Peter B., & Aymami R. (1993). Reports of female initiation of sexual contact: Male and female differences. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 22(4), 335-343.

Anderson, Peter B., & Melson, Dyan T., 2002. From deviance to normalcy: Women as sexual aggressors. Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality, 5 (October 23). Available at http://www.ejhs.org/volume5/devianceabst.html

Anderson, Peter B., & Newton, Maria (1997). The initiating heterosexual contact scale: A factor analysis. Sex Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 9, 179-186.

Anderson, Peter B., & Newton, Maria (2004). Predicting the use of sexual initiation tactics in a sample of college women. Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality, 7(May 1). Available at http://www.ejhs.org/volume7/Anderson/text.html

Anderson, P. B., & Sorenson, W. (1999). Male and female differences in reports of women’s heterosexual initiation and aggression. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 28(3), 285-295.

Anderson, Peter B., & Struckman-Johnson, Cindy (eds.) (1998). Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies. New York: The Guilford Press.

Araji, S. (1997). Sexually Aggressive Children: Coming to Understand Them. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Atkinson, J. (1995). The Assessment of Female Sex Offenders. Kingston, ON: Correctional Service of Canada.

Atkinson, Jill L. (1996). Female sex offenders: A literature review. Forum on Corrections Research, 8(2), 39-42.

Bachmann, K. M., Moggi, F., & Stirnemann-Lewis, F. (1994). Mother-son incest and its long-term consequences: A neglected phenomenon in psychiatric practice. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 182, 723-725.

Banning, A. (1989). Mother-son incest: Confronting a prejudice. Child Abuse & Neglect, 13, 563-570.

Barnett. S., Corder, F., & Jehu, D. (1990). Group treatment for women sex offenders against children. Groupwork, 3(2), 191-203.

Baron, R. S., Burgess, M. L., & Kao, C. F. (1991). Detecting and labeling prejudice: Do female perpetrators go undetected? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 115-123.

Bear, E. (1993). Inpatient Treatment for Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse: A Summary of Data From 22 Programs. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Beck, A., Harrison, P., and Guerion, P., (2009), Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth, 2008-09. Retrived December, 2010, American Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=2113

Becker, Judith V. (1998). What we know about the characteristics and treatment of adolescents who have committed sexual offenses. Child Maltreatment, 3(4), 317-29.

Becker, Judith V., Hall, Susan, and Stinson, Jill D. (2002). Female sexual offenders: Clinical, legal, and policy issues. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 1(3), 31-53.

Beier, K. M. (2000). Female analogies to perversion. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 26(1), 79-93.

Bell, K. (1999). Female offenders of sexual assault. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 25(3), 241-243.

Belshaw, Scott H (2010). Book Review: Gibson C., & Vandiver, D. M. (2008). Juvenile Sex Offenders: What the Public Needs to Know. Westport, CT: Praeger Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 8, 86-88 (Complete text available at link)

Behrendt, N., Buhl, N., & Seidl, S. (2002). The lethal paraphiliac syndrome: accidental autoerotic deaths in four women and a review of the literature. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 116(3), 148-52.

Blues, Anne, Moffatt, Carole, & Telford, Paula (1999). Work with adolescent females who sexually abuse: Similarities and differences. In Marcus Erooga & Helen C. Masson (eds.), Children and Young People Who Sexually Abuse Others: Challenges and Responses, pp. 168-182. London: Routledge.

Bolton, F. G., Morris, L. A., & MacEachron, A. E. (1989). Males at Risk: The Other Side of Sexual Abuse. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Bordon, T. A., & LaTerz, J. D. (1993). Mother/daughter incest and ritual abuse: The ultimate taboos. Treating Abuse Today, 3(4), 5-8.

Boroughs, D. S. (2004). Female sexual abusers of children. Journal of Children and Youth Services Review, 26(5), 481,487.

Brents, Barbara G. (2010) Sex As Crime? Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 39, 58-59. (Complete article available at link)

Briere J. & Elliott D.M. (2003). Prevalence and psychological sequelae of self-reported childhood physical and sexual abuse in a general population sample of men and women. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27, 1205-1222. (Complete .pdf file at link)

Brinton, Connie, 2000. A Comparison of Sexual Arousal Patterns of Female Sex Offenders and Nonoffenders. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. San Francisco, CA: Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Sexuality.

Brodie, Faith (1992). When the Other Woman Is His Mother: Book One/Boys As Incest Victims and Male Multiple Personality Disorder/for Partners and Professionals. Tacoma, WA: Winged Eagle Press.

Brow, M.E., Knopp, F.H., & Lackey, L.B. (1987). Female Sexual Abusers: A Summary of Data from 44 Treatment Providers. Orwell: Safer Society Press.

Brown, M.E., Hull, L.A., & Panesis, S.K. (1984). Women Who Rape. Boston: Massachusetts Trial Court. [Cited in Mathews, Matthews, & Speltz, 1990; and Syed & Williams, 1996] Available from the National Institute of Corrections library. Accession number 004911. Contact NIC through the web site at http://www.nicic.org/Contact.aspx or call the NIC Information Center at 1-800-877-1461.

Bumby, N. H., & Bumby, K. M. (2004). Bridging the gender gap: Addressing juvenile females who commit sexual offences. In G. O’Reilly, W. L. Marshall, A. Carr, & R. C. Beckett (Eds.), The handbook of clinical intervention with young people who sexually abuse (pp. 369–381). New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.

Bumby, K., & Halstenson Bumby, N. (1997). Adolescent female sex offenders. In B. Schwartz, & H.Cellini, (eds.), The Sex Offender: New Insights, Treatment Innovations and Legal Developments, Vol. II, pp. 10-1 10-16. Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute, Inc.

Bumby, K. M., Halstenson Bumby, N., Burghess, A. W., & Hartman, C. R. (1996). From Victims to Victimizers: Sexually Aggressive Post-Traumatic Responses of Sexually Abused Adolescent Females.

Bunting, L. (2007). Dealing with a problem that doesn't exist? Professional responses to female perpetrated child sexual abuse. Child Abuse Review, 4, 252-267, John Wiley & Sons

Bunting, L. (2005). Females who sexually offend against children: Responses of the child protection and criminal justice systems. NSPCC Policy Practice Research Series. London: NSPCC. (Complete article at link)

Burgess A., Hartman C., McCausland M., & Powers P. (1984). Response patterns in children and adolescents exploited through sex rings and pornography. American Journal of Psychiatry, 14, 656-662

Burket, Lowell E. (1985). Guilt and Moral Judgment in the Juvenile Female Sex Offender: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Unpublished MA thesis. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh.

Busby, D. M., & Compton, S. V. (1997). Patterns of sexual coercion in adult heterosexual relationships: An exploration of male victimization. Family Process, 36(1), 81-94.

Byard, R. W., Hucker, S. J., & Hazelwood, R. R. (1993). Fatal and near-fatal autoerotic asphyxial episodes in women: Characteristic features based on a review of nine cases. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 14(1), 70-3

Byers, E. Sandra (1996). How well does the traditional sexual script explain sexual coercion? Review of a program of research. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 8(1-2), 7-25.

Byers, E. Sandra (1998). Similar but different: Men’s and women’s experiences of sexual coercion. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 144-168. New York:The Guilford Press.

Chasnoff, I. J., Burns. W. J., Schnoll, S. H., Burns, K., Chisum, G., & Kyle-Spore, L. (1986). Maternal-neonatal incest. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 56(4), 577-580.

Chideckel, M. (1935). Female Sex Perversion. Oxford: Eugenics Publishing Co.

Christopher, F. S., Owens, L. A., & Stecker, H. L. (1993). An examination of single men’s and women’s sexual aggressiveness in dating relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 511-527.

Chow, Eva W.C., & Choy, Alberto L., (2002). Clinical characteristics and treatment response to SSRI in a female pedophile. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31(2), 211-215.

Clements-Schreiber, M., Rempel, J., & Desmarais, S. (1998). Women's sexual pressure tactics and adherence to related attitudes: A step toward prediction. Journal of Sex Research, 35(2), 197-205.

Condy, S. R., Templer, D. I., Brown, R., & Veaco, L. (1987). Parameters of sexual contact of boys with women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 16(5), 379-394.

Cook, Nathan E., Barese, Trevor H., Dicataldo, Frank (2010) The Confluence of Mental Health and Psychopathic Traits in Adolescent Female Offenders, Criminal Justice and Behavior 37, 119-135.

Cooper, A. J., Swaminath, S., Baxter, D., & Poulin, C. (1990). A female sex offender with multiple paraphilias: A psychologic, physiologic (laboratory sexual arousal) and endocrine case study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 35(4), 334-337.

Corrections Service of Canada. (2002). Female sex offenders: A review of the literature. Ottawa, Canada: Author.

Craig Shea, M. (1998). When the tables are turned: Verbal sexual coercion among college women. In Peter B. Anderson, & Cindy J. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Cranford, Susan, & Williams, Rose (1998). Critical issues in managing female offenders. Corrections Today, 60(7), 130-135.

Crawford, Colin (1997). Forbidden Femininity: Child Sexual Abuse and Female Sexuality. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Co.

Crockett, L. C. (2001). The deepest wound: How a journey to El Salvador led to healing from motherdaughter incest. Lincoln, NE: Writer’s Showcase.

Davin, Patricia A. (1999). Secrets revealed: A study of female sex offenders. In Patricia A. Davin, Julia C. R. Hislop, & Teresa Dunbar, Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views, pp. 9-134. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Davin, Patricia A., Dunbar, Teresa, & Hislop, Julia (1999). Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views. Brandon, VT, Safer Society Press.

Deering, R. and Mellor, D. (2007) Female-Perpetrated Child Sex Abuse: Definitional and Categorisational Analysis, Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, Vol 14, No 2, pp. 218-226, Australian Academic Press Pty. Ltd., Australia

Deering, Rebecca and Mellor, David. (2009) Sentencing of male and female child sex offenders : Australian study, Psychiatry, psychology and law, pp. 394-412, Australian Academic Press Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, Vic.

Denov, Myriam S. (2001). A culture of denial: Exploring professional perspectives on female sex offending. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 43(3), 303-329.

Denov, Myriam S. (2003). The myth of innocence: Sexual scripts and the recognition of child sexual abuse by female perpetrators. Journal of Sex Research, 40(3), 303-314.

Denov, Mryiam S. (2003). To a Safer Place? Victims of sexual abuse by females and their disclosures to professionals. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(1), 46-61.

Denov, Myriam S. (2004). Perspectives on Female Sex Offending: A Culture of Denial. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Company.

Denov, M., & Cortoni, F. (2006). Women who sexually abuse children. In C. Hilarski & J.S. Wodarski (Eds.), Comprehensive mental health practice with sex offenders and their families (pp. 71-99). Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press.

Dowden, C., & Andrews, D. (1999). What works for female offenders: A meta-analytic review. Crime and Delinquency, 45, 438-452.

Dube, S. R., et al. (2005). Long-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse by gender of victim. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28, 430-438.

Dunbar, Teresa (1993). Women Who Sexually Molest Female Children. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Los Angeles: University of Southern California.

Dunbar, Teresa (1999). Women who sexually molest female children. In Patricia A. Davin, Julia C. R. Hislop, & Teresa Dunbar, Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views, pp. 311-377. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Duncan, Lauren E., & Williams Linda M., (1998). Gender role socialization and male-on-male vs. female-on-male child sexual abuse. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 39(9/10), 765-785.

Eldridge, Hilary (1994). Barbara’s story: A mother who sexually abused. In Michele Elliott, (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 74-87. New York: The Guilford Press.

Eldridge, Hilary, & Saradjian, Jacqui (2000). Replacing the function of abusive behaviors for the offender: Remaking relapse prevention in working with women who sexually abuse children. In D.R. Laws, S.M. Hudson & T. Ward (Eds.), Remaking Relapse Prevention with Sex Offenders: A Sourcebook, pp. 402-426. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Eldridge, H., Elliott, I. A., & Ashfield, S. (2009). Assessment of women who sexually abuse children. In M.C. Calder (Ed.), Sexual abuse assessments: Using and developing frameworks for practice (pp. 213-227). London: Russell House Publishing.

Ellerstein, N., & Canavan, W., (1980). Sexual abuse of boys. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 134, 255-257.

Elliot, D., & Briere, J. (1994). Forensic sexual abuse evaluations of older children – Disclosures and symptomology. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 12(3), 261-277.

Elliott, A. J. & Peterson, L. W. (1993). Maternal sexual abuse of male children: When to suspect and how to uncover it. Postgraduate Medicine, 94(1), 169-180.

Elliott, Michele (ed.) (1994). Female Sexual Abuse of Children. New York: The Guilford Press.

Elliott, Michele (1994). What survivors tell us – An overview. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 5-13. New York: The Guilford Press

Ellis, Lee (1998). Why some sexual assaults are not committed by men: A biosocial analysis. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman- Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 105-118. New York: The Guilford Press.

Erooga, Marcus, & Masson, Helen C. (eds.) (1999). Children and Young People Who Sexually Abuse Others: Challenges and Responses. London: Routledge.

Etherington, Kim (1999). Maternal sexual abuse of males. Child Abuse Review, 6(2), 107-117.

Evert, Kathy (1987). When You're Ready. A Woman's Healing from Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse by Her Mother. Walnut Creek, CA: Launch Press.

Faller, K. C. (1987). Women who sexually abuse victims. Violence & Victims, 2(4), 263-276.

Faller, K.C. (1989). Characteristics of a clinical sample of sexually abused children: How boys and girl victims differ. Child Abuse and Neglect, 13, 281-291.

Faller, K. C. (1991). Polyincestuous families: An exploratory study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 6(3), 310-322.

Fedoroff, J. Paul, & Fishell, Alicja (1999). Paraphilic and other unconventional sexual disorders in girls and women. In E. M. Palace (ed.), Women’s Health: A Behavioral Medicine Approach. Oxford: Oxford Press.

Fedoroff, J. Paul, Fishell, Alicja, & Fedoroff, Beverly (1999). A case series of women evaluated for paraphilic sexual disorders. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 8(2), 127-139.

Fehlow, P. (1975). [The female sexual delinquent.] Psychiatrie, Neurologie und medizinishche Psychologie (Leipz), 27(10), 612-618.

Fehrenbach, P. A. & Monastersky, C. (1988). Characteristics of female adolescent sexual offenders. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 58(1), 148-151.

Fiebert, M. S., & Tucci, M. (1998). Sexual coercion: Men victimized by women. Journal of Men's Studies, 6(2), 127-133.

Finch, S.M. (1973). Sexual abuse by mothers. Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality, 7(1), 191.

Finkelhor, D., & Russell, D. (1984). Women as perpetrators: Review of the evidence. In D. Finkelhor (ed.), Child Sexual Abuse: New Theory and Research, pp. 171-187. New York: Free Press.

Finkelhor, D., Williams, L. M., & Burns, N. (1988). Nursery crimes: Sexual abuse in day care. Newbury Park, CA: Sage

FitzRoy, L. (1997). Mother/daughter rape: A challenge for feminism. In S. Cook & J. Bessant (Eds.), Women’s encounters with violence: Australian experiences (pp. 40-54). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

FitzRoy, Lee (1998). Offending mothers: Theorising in a feminist minefield.

FitzRoy, Lee (1998). Offending women: Conversations with workers.

Flinck, Aune, Paavilainen, Eija (2010). Women's Experiences of Their Violent Behavior in an Intimate Partner Relationship. Qual Health Res 20, 306-318.

Flowers, Ronald B. (1995). Female Crime, Criminals, and Cellmates: An Exploration of Female Criminality and Delinquency. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.

Forbes, J. (1992). Female sexual abusers: The contemporary search for equivalence. Practice, 6, 102-111. (Complete article in .pdf format at link)

Ford, H. (2006). Women who sexually abuse children. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.

Freel, Mike (1995). Women Who Sexually Abuse Children. Norwich: Social Work Monographs, University of East Anglia.

Freeman, Naomi J., Sandler, Jeffrey C. (2008). Female and Male Sex Offenders: A Comparison of Recidivism Patterns and Risk Factors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 1394-1413

Frey, L.L. (2006). Girls don’t do that, do they? Adolescent females who sexually abuse. In R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott (Eds.), Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems (pp. 255-272). Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.

Gabbard, Glen O., Twemlow, Stuart W. (1994). The Role of Mother-Son Incest in The Pathogenesis of Narcissistic Personality Disorder. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 42, 171-189.

Gallop, R. (1998). Abuse of power in the nurse-client relationship. Nursing Standard, 12(37), 43-47.

Gannon, T. A., & Rose, M. R. (2008). Female child sexual offenders: Towards, integrating theory and practice. Aggression and Violent behaviour, 21, 194-207.

Gannon, T. A., & Rose, M. R., & Ward, T. (2008). A descriptive model of the offence process for female sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 20, 352-374.

Gannon, T. A., & Rose, M. R. (2009). Offense-Related Interpretative Bias in Female Child Molesters: A Preliminary Study. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 2009 21: 194-207

Giguere, R., & Bumby, K. (2007). Female sex offenders [Policy and Practice Brief]. Center for Sex Offender Management, USA. (Complete article in .pdf format at link)

Girshick, Lori B. (2002). Woman-to-Woman Sexual Violence: Does She Call It Rape? Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.

Goldman, Laurie L. (1993). Female Sex Offenders: Societal Avoidance of Comprehending the Phenomenon of Women Who Sexually Abuse Children. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology. (University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI)

Goodwin, J., & DiVasto, P. (1979). Mother–daughter incest. Child Abuse & Neglect, 3, 953-957.

Goodwin, J., & DiVasto, P. (1989). Female homosexuality: A sequel to mother-daughter incest. In J. M. Goodwin (ed.), Sexual Abuse: Incest Victims and Their Families, pp. 140-146, 2nd ed. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc.

Gray, A., Busconi, A., Houchens, P. & Pithers, W. D. (1997). Children with sexual behavior problems and their caregivers: Demographics, functioning, and clinical patterns. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9(4), 267-90.

Gray, Janice L. (1992). From the Data of Therapists: An Exploratory Study of Adult Females Who Sexually Molest Children. Unpublished MSW thesis. Long Beach, CA: California State University.

Grayston, Alana D., & De Luca, Rayleen V. (1999). Female perpetrators of child sexual abuse: A review of the clinical and empirical literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 4(1), 1999, 93-106.

Green, A.H., & Kaplan, M. (1994). Psychiatric impairment and childhood victimization experiences in female child molesters. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 954-961.

Green, Arthur H. (1999). Female sex offenders. In Jon A. Shaw (ed.), Sexual Aggression, pp. 195-210. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Green, Jonathan (2000). The last taboo. Marie Claire UK, March.

Grier, P. E., & Clark, M. A. (1987). Female sexual offenders in a prison setting. Unpublished, manuscript. St. Louis, MO: Behavioral Sciences Institute, Inc. [Cited in Mathews, Matthews, & Speltz, 1990.]

Grier, P. E., Clark, M., & Stoner, S. B. (1993). Comparative study of personality traits of female sex offenders. Psychological Reports, 73, 1378.

Grob, C. S. (1985). Single case study: Female exhibitionism. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173(4), 253-256.

Grossman , L. (1992). An example of "character perversion" in a woman. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 61(4), 581-9.

Hannon, Roseann, Hall, David S., Nash, Holl, Forman, Jean, & Hopson, Tina (2000). Judgements regarding sexual aggression as a function of sex of aggressor and victim. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 43(5-6), 311-322.

Harper, J. F. (1993). Prepubteral male victims of incest: A clinical study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 17(3), 419-421.

Harrison, H. (1994). Female abusers - what children and young people have told Childline. In M. Elliott (Ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 89-92. New York: The Guilford Press.

Hensley, Christopher, Tallichet, Suzanne E., Dutkiewicz, Erik L. (2010) Childhood Bestiality: A Potential Precursor to Adult Interpersonal Violence. J Interpers Violence 25, 557-567

Hetherton, J. & Beardsall, L. (1988). Decisions and attitudes concerning child sexual abuse: Does the gender of the perpetrator make a difference to child protection professionals? Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(12), 1265-1283.

Hetherton, J. (1999). The idealization of women: Its role in the minimization of child sexual abuse by females. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23, 161-174.

Herman-Giddens, M. E., & Berson, N. L. (1989). Harmful genital care practices in children: A type of child abuse. JAMA, 261(4), 577-579.

Higgs, D. C., Canavan, M. M. & Meyer, W. J. III (1992). Moving from defense to offence: The development of an adolescent female sex offender. Journal of Sex Research, 29(1), 131-139.

Hindman, J. (1989). Just Before Dawn. Baker City, OR: Alexandria Associates.

Hislop, Julia C. R. (1999). Female child molesters. In Patricia A. Davin, Julia C. R. Hislop, & Teresa Dunbar, Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views, pp. 135-310. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press

Hislop, Julia (2001). Female Sex Offenders: What Therapists, Law Enforcement and Child Protection Services Need to Know. Ravensdale, WA: Idyll Arbor, Inc.

Hollender, M. H., Brown, W., & Roback, H. B. (1977). Genital exhibitionism in women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134 (4), 436-438.

Howitt, Dennis (1995). Paedophiles and Sexual Offenses Against Children. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Hull, L. A., & Panesis, S. K. (1984). Women Who Rape. Boston: Massachusetts Trial Court.

Hunter, J. A., Lexier, L.. J., Goodwin, D.W., Browne, P.A., & Dennis, C. (1993). Psychosexual, attitudinal, and developmental characteristics of juvenile female perpetrators in a residential treatment setting. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 2, 317- 326.

Hunter, John A., & Mathews, Ruth (1997). Sexual deviance in females. In Richard D. Laws & William O’Donohue (eds.), Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment, pp. 465-480. New York: The Guilford Press.

Hunter, J. A., Becker, J. V., & Lexier, L. J. (2006). The female juvenile sex offender. In H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed.) (pp. 148–165). New York: Guilford Press.

Hunter, Kate (1994). Helping survivors through counseling. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 37-46. New York: The Guilford Press.

Impett, Emily A., & Peplau, Letitia A. (2003). Sexual compliance: Gender, motivational, and relationship perspectives. Journal of Sex Research, 40(1), 87-100.

Jennings, K. T. (1994). Female child molesters: A review of the literature. In M. Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 219-234. New York: The Guilford Press.

Johnson, R. L., & Schrier, D. (1987). Past sexual victimization by females of male patients in an adolescent medicine clinic population. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144(5), 650-652.

Johnson, T. C. (1988). Child perpetrators: Children who molest other children, preliminary findings. Child Abuse and Neglect, 12, 219-229.

Johnson, T. C. (1989). Female child perpetrators: Children who molest other children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 13, 571-585.

Johansson-Love, J., & Fremouw, W. (2006). A critique of the female sexual perpetrator research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 12-26.

Kalders, Astrid, Inkster, Helen, & Britt, Eileen (1997). Females who offend sexually against children in New Zealand. The Journal of Sexual Aggression. 3(1), 15-29.

Kaplan, M.S., & Green, A. (1995). Incarcerated female sex offenders: A comparison of sexual histories with eleven female nonsexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 7, 287-300.

Kasl, Charlotte S. (1990). Female perpetrators of sexual abuse: A feminist view. In M. Hunter (Ed.), The Sexually Abused Male. Prevalence, Impact, and Treatment, Vol. 1. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

Kaufman, K. L., Wallace, A. M., Johnson, C. F., & Reeder, M. L. (1995). Comparing female and male perpetrators’ modus operandi: Victims’ reports of sexual abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10(3), 322-333.

Kelley, Susan J., Brant, R., & Waterman, J. (1993). Sexual abuse of children in day care centers. Child Abuse & Neglect, 17, 71-89.

Kendall-Tackett, Kathleen A., & Simon, Arthur F. (1987). Perpetrators and their acts: Data from 365 adults molested as children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 11, 237-45.

Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. R., Martin, C. E., and Gebhard, P. H. (1953). Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders.

Knopp, F. H. & Lackey, L. B. (1987). Female Sexual Abusers: A Summary of Data from 44 Treatment Providers. Orwell, VT: The Safer Society Press.

Koonin, Renee (1995). Breaking the last taboo: Child sexual abuse by female perpetrators. Australian Social Work 30(2), 195-210.

Krahe, Barbara, Scheinberger-Olwig, Renate, & Kolpin, Susanne (2000). Ambiguous communication of sexual intentions as a risk marker of sexual aggression. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 42(5-6), 313-337.

Krahe, Barbara, Waizenhofer, Eva, Moller, Ingrid (2003). Women’s sexual aggression against men: Prevalence and predictors. Sex Roles, 49(5-6), 219-232.

Krug, R. S. (1989). Adult male reports of childhood sexual abuse by mothers: Case descriptions, motivations and long-term consequences. Child Abuse and Neglect, 13, 111-119.

Kubik, E. K., Hecker, J. E., & Righthand, S. (2002). Adolescent females who have sexually offended: Comparisons with delinquent adolescent female offenders and adolescent males who sexually offended. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 11(3), 63-83.

Lambert, S., & O’Halloran, E. (2008). Deductive thematic analysis of a female paedophilia website. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, Vol 15, No. 2, 284-300

Lane, Sandy, & Lobanov-Rostovsky, Chris (1997). Special populations: Children, females, the developmentally disabled, and violent youth. In Gail Ryan & Sandy Lane (eds.), Juvenile Sexual Offending: Causes, Consequences and Correction, pp. 322- 359. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Larimer, M., Lydum, A., Anderson, B., & Turner, A. (1999). Male and female recipients of unwanted sexual contact in a college student sample: Prevalence rates, alcohol use, and depression symptoms. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 40, 295-308.

Larson, Noel R., & Maison, Sally R. (1987). Psychosexual Treatment Program for Female Sex Offenders: Training Manual. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Department of Corrections, Minnesota Correctional Facility-Stillwater. Sponsored by the National Institute of Corrections, Grant No. NIC-GJ-6. Available from the National Institute of Corrections library. Accession number 006302. Contact through the web site at http://www.nicic.org/Contact.aspx or call the NIC Information Center at 1-800-877-1461.

Larson, Noel R., & Maison, Sally R. (1995). Psychosexual treatment program for women sex offenders in a prison setting. Acta Sexologica, 1(1), 81-113.

Laury, G. V. (1992). When women sexually abuse male psychiatric patients under their care. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 18 (1), 11-16.

Lawson, C. (1991). Clinical assessment of mother-son sexual abuse. Clinical Social Work Journal, 19(4), 391-403.

Lawson, Christine (1993). Mother-son sexual abuse: Rare or under-reported? A critique of the research. Child Abuse & Neglect, 17(2), 261-269.

Lev, A. I., & Lev, S. (1999). Sexual assault in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered communities. In J. C. McClennen & J. Gunther (Eds.), A Professional's Guide to Understanding Gay and Lesbian Domestic Violence: Understanding Practice Interventions, pp. 35-61. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen.

Levesque, R. J. R. (1994). Sex differences in the experience of child sexual victimization. Journal of Family Violence, 9, 357-369.

Levine, Kay L. (2006). No Penis, No Problem. Fordham Urban Law Journal, Emory Public Law Research Paper No. 05-37.

Lewis, Catherine F., & Stanley, Charlotte R. (2000). Women accused of sexual offenses. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 18(1), 73-81.

Lipshires, Lisa (1994). Female perpetration of child sexual abuse: An overview of the problem. Moving Forward Newsjournal, 2(6). (Complete article at link)

Lombroso, C., & Ferrero, W. (1895). The female offender. London: T. Fisher Unwin.

Longdon, Cianne (1994). A survivor and therapist’s viewpoint. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 47-56. New York: The Guilford Press.

Lottes, I. L. (1991). The relationship between nontraditional gender roles and sexual coercion. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 4(4), 89-109.

Lukianowicz, N. (1972). Incest: I Paternal incest: II other types of incest. British Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 301-313.

Macchietto, John G. (1998). Treatment issues of adult male victims of female sexual aggression. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 187-204. New York: The Guilford Press.

MacHover, F., & Wieckowski, E. (1992). The 10FC Ten-Factor Continua of classification and treatment criteria for male and female sex offenders. Medical Psychotherapy, 5, 53-63.

Making Daughters Safe Again (2002). Female perpetrated sexual abuse: Redefining the construct of sexual abuse and challenging beliefs about human sexuality. Available on the Mother-Daughter Sexual Abuse web page at http://mdsasupport.homestead.com/ra.html

Margolin, L. (1986). The effects of mother-son incest. Lifestyles: A Journal of Changing Patterns.

Margolin, L. (1990). Child abuse by baby-sitters: An ecological interactional interpretation. Journal of Family Violence, 5 (2), 95-105.

Margolin, L. (1991). Abuse and neglect in nonparental child care: A risk assessment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 694-704.

Margolin, L. (1991). Child sexual abuse by nonrelated caregivers. Child Abuse & Neglect, 15, 213-221.

Margolin, L., & Craft, J. L. (1990). Child abuse by adolescent caregivers. Child Abuse and Neglect, 14 (3), 365-373.

Margolis, M. (1977). A preliminary report of a case of consummated mother-son incest. Annual of Psychoanalysis, 5, 267-293.

Margolis, M. (1984). A case of mother-adolescent son incest: A follow-up study. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 53, 355-385.

Marvasti, J. (1986). Incestuous mothers. American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 7, 63-69.

Mathews, Ruth (1987g). Female Sexual Offenders: Treatment and Legal Issues. Orwell, VT: The Safer Society Press.

Mathews, R., Hunter, J. A., & Vuz, J. (1997). Juvenile female sexual offenders: Clinical characteristics and treatment issues. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9(3), 187-199.

Mathews, Ruth, Matthews, Jane Kinder, & Speltz, Kathleen (1989). Female Sexual Offenders: An Exploratory Study. Orwell, VT: Safer Society Press.

Mathews, Ruth, Matthews, Jane Kinder, & Speltz, Kathleen (1990). Female sexual offenders. In M. Hunter (ed.), The Sexually Abused Male: Prevalence, Impact and Treatment, Vol. 1, pp. 275-293. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

Mathis, R. (1982). Mother-child incest: Characteristics of the offender. Child Welfare, 65, 447-458.

Matravers, Amanda (1998). Women sex offenders: An exploratory study. Prison Research and Development Bulletin, 6.

Matthews, J. (1998). An 11-year perspective of working with female sexual offenders. In W. L. Marshall, T. Ward, & S. M. Hudson (Eds.), Sourcebook of treatment programs for sexual offenders (pp. 259-272). New York, NY: Plenum Press.

Mathews, R., Hunter, J. A., & Vuz, J. (1997). Juvenile female sexual offenders: Clinical characteristics and treatment issues. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9, 187-199.

Matthews, Jane Kinder (1994). Working with female sexual abusers. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 57-73. New York: The Guilford Press

Mathews, R. (1993). Preliminary typology of female sex offenders. In Safer Society (Ed.), Information packet: Female sexual abusers. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Matthews, Jane Kinder, Mathews, Ruth, & Speltz, Kathleen (1991). Female sexual offenders: A typology. In M.Q. Patton (ed.), Family Sexual Abuse: Frontline Research and Evaluation, pp. 199-219. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Mayer, Adele (1992). Women Sex Offenders: Treatment and Dynamics. Holmes Beach, FL: Learning Publications, Inc.

Mayer, Adele (1993). Adult female incest offenders: Treatment considerations. Treating Abuse Today, 3(6), 21-26.

McCartan, Lisa M., Gunnison, Elaine. (2009). Individual and Relationship Factors That Differentiate Female Offenders With and Without a Sexual Abuse History, J Interpers Violence.

McCarthy, D. (1981). Women Who Rape. Unpublished manuscript

McCarty, L.M. (1986). Mother-child incest: Characteristics of the offender. Child Welfare, 65(5), 447-458.

McClay, Robin (1999). Female Sex Offenders: A Comparative Study of Beliefs and Attitudes of Mental Health Graduate Students and Nonmental Health Graduate Students. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. San Francisco, CA: Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Sexuality.

Miccio-Gonseca, L.C. (2000). Adult and adolescent female sex offenders: Experiences compared to other female and male sex offenders. In Eli Coleman & Michael Miner (eds.), Sexual Offender Treatment: Biopsychosocial Perspectives, pp. 75-88. New York: The Haworth Press. (Also published in Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 11(3), 75-88.)

Miletski, Hani (1999). Mother-Son Incest: The Unthinkable Broken Taboo. Brandon, VT: The Safer Society Press.

Miller, D., Trapani, C., Fejes,-Mendoza, K., Eggleston, C., & Dwiggins, D. (1995). Adolescent female offenders: Unique considerations. Adolescence, 30, 429-435. (Complete article at link)

Miller, Holly A., Turner, Kim, Henderson, Craig E. (2009) Psychopathology of Sex Offenders: A Comparison of Males and Females Using Latent Profile Analysis, Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36: 778-792

Mitchell, Juliann, Morse, Jill, & Whetsell Mitchell, Juliann (1997). From Victim to Survivor: Women Survivors of Female Perpetrators. London: Taylor & Francis.

Motz, Anna (2001). Female sexual abuse of children. In Anna Motz (ed.), The Psychology of Female Violence: Crimes Against the Body, pp. 15-58. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis.

Muehlenhard, C. L. (1998). The importance and danger of studying sexually aggressive women. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 19-48. New York: The Guilford Press.

Muehlenhard, C.L., & Cook, S.W. (1988). Men’s self-reports of unwanted sexual activity. Journal of Sex Research, 24, 58-72.

Muehlenhard, C. L., & Kimes, L. A. (1999). The social construction of violence: The case of sexual and domestic violence. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 234-245.

Nathan, Pamela, & Ward, Tony (2001). Female sex offenders: Assessment and treatment issues. Psychiatry, Psychology, & Law, 8, 44-55.

Nathan, Pamela, & Ward, Tony (2001). Female sex offenders: Clinical and demographic features. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 8(1), 5-21.

Nathan, P., & Ward, T. (2002). Female sex offenders: Clinical and demographic features. The Journal of Sexual Aggression, 8, 5-21.

National Center on Sexual Behavior of Youth (January 2004). NCSBY Fact Sheet: What Research Shows About Female Adolescent Sex Offenders. Available at http://www.ncsby.org/pages/publications/Female%20ASO%20041504.pdf

O’Connor, A.A. (1987). Female sex offenders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 615-620.

Office of the Under Secretary (2004). Educator Sexual Misconduct: A Synthesis of Existing Literature. Washington, DC. Available at http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/research/pubs/misconductreview/report.pdf

Ogilvie, B., & Daniluk, J. (1995). Common themes in the experiences of mother-daughter incest survivors: Implications for counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 598-602.

Okonkwo, J. E., & Ibeh, C. C. (2003). Female sexual assault in Nigeria. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 83(3), 325-326.

Oliver, Brian E. (2007) Preventing Female-Perpetrated Sexual Abuse. Trauma Violence Abuse, 8. 19-32

O’Shea, Kathleen A., & Fletcher, Beverly R. (1997). Female Offenders: An Annotated Bibliography. Research and Bibliographical Guides in Criminal Justice, No. 5. Westport, CT: Greenwood.

O'Sullivan, L. F., Byers, E. S., Finkelman, L. (1998). A comparison of male and female college student's experiences of sexual coercion. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22(2), 177-195.

Pearson, Patricia (1997). When She Was Bad: Violent Women & the Myth of Innocence. New York: Viking Press.

Peluso, E., & Putnam, N. (1996). Case study: Sexual abuse of boys by females. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(1), 51-54.

Peter, Tracey. (2006). Mad, Bad, or Victim? Making Sense of Mother–Daughter Sexual Abuse. Feminist Criminology, 1, 283 - 302

Peter, Tracey. (2008). Speaking About the Unspeakable. Exploring the Impact of Mother Daughter Sexual Abuse. Violence Against Women, 9, 1033-1053.

Peter, Tracey. (2009). Exploring Taboos: Comparing Male and Female Perpetrated Child Sexual Abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 7, 1111 – 1128

Petrovich, M. & Templer, D. I. (1984). Heterosexual molestation of children who later become rapists. Psychological Reports, 54, 810.

Plummer, K. (1981). Pedophilia: Constructing a psychological baseline. In M. Cook & K. Howells (Eds.), Adult Sexual Interest in Children. London: Academic Press.

Pothast, Henry L., & Allen, Craig M. (1994). Masculinity and femininity in male and female perpetrators of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18(9), 763-767.

Pozzulo, Joanna D., Dempsey, Julie, Maeder, Evelyn, Allen, Laura. (2010) The Effects of Victim Gender, Defendant Gender, and Defendant Age on Juror Decision Making. Criminal Justice and Behavior 37, 47-63.

Ramsey-Klawsnik, H. (1990). Sexual abuse by female perpetrators: Impact on children. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Child Victimization. Tyler, TX: Family Violence and Sexual Assault Institute.

Ray, Jo Ann, & English, Diana J. (1995). Comparison of female and male children with sexual behavior problems. Journal of Youth and Adolesence, 24(4), 439-450.

Reinhart, M. A. (1987). Sexually abused boys. Child Abuse & Neglect, 11(2), 229-235.

Righthand, Sue and Welch, Caralann (2001). Juveniles Who Have Offended Sexually: A Review of the Professional Literature. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Available at http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/ojjdp/184739.pdf

Risin, L. I., & Koss, M. P. (1987). The sexual abuse of boys: Prevalence and descriptive characteristics of childhood victimizations. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2(3), 309-323.

Robinson, Susan L. (2002). Growing Beyond: A Workbook for Teenage Girls. Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.

Robinson, Susan L. (2002). Treatment Manual. Growing Beyond: A Workbook for Sexually Abusive Teenage Girls. Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.

Robson, Marilyn (1996). An overview of the literature about female sexual offending. Social Work Review, 6, September. (Complete article available in .pdf format at link)

Rosencrans, Bobbie, Bear, Euon (1997). The Last Secret: Daughters Sexually Abused by Mothers. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Rosner, R., Wiederlight, M., Wieczorek, R. R. (1985). Forensic psychiatric evaluations of women accused of felonies: A three-year descriptive study. Journal of Forensic Science, 30(3), 721-729.

Rowan, E. L., Langelier, P., & Rowan, J. B. (1988). Female pedophiles. Corrective and Social Psychiatry and Journal of Behavior Technology Methods and Therapy, 34(3), 17-20.

Rowan, E. L., Rowan, J. B., & Langelier, P. (1990). Women who molest children. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 18, 79-83.

Roys, D. T. (1996). Psychoeducational Curriculum for Adult Female Sex Offenders. Atlanta, GA: Highland Institute for Behavioral Change.

Rudin, Margaret M., Zalewski, Christine, & Bodmer-Turner, Jeffrey (1995). Characteristics of child sexual abuse victims according to perpetrator gender. Child Abuse & Neglect 19(8), 963-73.

Russell, Brenda L., & Oswald, Debra L. (2001). Strategies and dispositional correlates of sexual coercion perpetrated by women: An exploratory investigation. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 45(1-2), 103-115.

Russell, D. (1986). Female incest perpetrators: How do they differ from males, and why are there so few? In D. Russell, The Secret Trauma: Incest in the Lives of Girls and Women. New York: Basic Books.

Russell, D., & Finkelhor, D. (1984). The gender gap among perpetrators of child sexual abuse. In D. Russell (ed.) Sexual Exploitation: Rape, Child Sexual Abuse, and Workplace Harassment, pp. 215-31. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Ryan, Gail, & Grayson, Joanne (1989). Female sex offenders. Interchange: Cooperative Newsletter of the Adolescent Perpetrator Network, June.

Sandler, Jeffrey C., Freeman, Naomi J. (2007). Topology of Female Sex Offenders: A Test of Vandiver and Kercher. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 19, 73-89.

Sandler, Jeffrey C., Freeman, Naomi J. (2009). Female Sex Offender Recidivism: A Large-Scale Empirical Analysis. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 21, 455-473.

Saradjian, J., & Hanks, H. (1996). Women Who Sexually Abuse Children: From Research to Clinical Practice. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Sarrel, P. M. & Masters, W.H. (1982). Sexual molestation of men by women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 11(2), 117-131.

Scavo, R.R. (1989). Female adolescent sex offenders: A neglected treatment group. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 70(2), 114-117.

Schwartz, Barbara K., & Cellini, Henry R. (1995). Female sex offenders. In Barbara K. Schwartz & Henry R. Cellini (eds.), The Sex Offender: Corrections, Treatment and Legal Practice, Vol. 1., pp. 5-1 – 5-22. Kingston, N.J.: Civic Research Press, Inc.

Schwartz, M. F. (1991). Victim to Victimizer. Professional Counselor, 43-46.

Sgroi, Suzanne, & Sargent, Nora, M. (1994). Impact and treatment issues for victims of childhood sexual abuser by female perpetrators. In Michele Elliott, (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 14-36. New York: The Guilford Press.

Shea, Mary E. Craig (1998). When the tables are turned: Verbal sexual coercion among college women. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 94-104. New York: The Guilford Press.

Shelden, V.E. & Shelden, R.G. (1989). Sexual abuse of males by females: the problem, treatment modality, and case example. Family Therapy, 16(3), 249-58.

Shengold, L. S. (1980). Some reflections on a case of mother/adolescent son incest. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 61, 461-476.

Simmons, Rachel (2003). Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls. Fort Washington, PA: Harvest Books.

Smith, R. E., Pine, C. J., & Hawley, M. E. (1988). Social cognitions about adult male victims of female sexual assault. Journal of Sex Research, 24, 101--112.

Snyder, H. (2000, July), Sexual assault of young children as reported to law enforcement: Victim, incident, and offender characteristics. Retrived December, 2002, American Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/312-314

Song, L., Lieb, R., & Donnelly, S. (1993). Female Sex Offenders in Washington State. Washington: Washington State Institute for Public Policy. (Complete report available at link)

Stock, Wendy (1998). Women’s sexual coercion of men: A feminist analysis. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 169-184. New York: The Guilford Press.

Strickland, S. (2008). Female Sex Offenders: Exploring Issues of Personality, Trauma, and Cognitive Distortions. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 474-489.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy (1988). Forced sex on dates: It happens to men, too. Journal of Sex Research, 24, 234-241.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy (1991). Male victims of acquaintance rape. In A. L. Parrot, & L. Bechhofer (eds.), Acquaintance Rape: The Hidden Crime, pp. 192-214. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, & Anderson, Peter B. (1998). “Men do and women don’t”: Difficulties in researching sexually aggressive women. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 9-18. New York: The Guilford Press.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy & Struckman-Johnson, David (1994). Men pressured and forced into sexual experience. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 23(1), 93-114.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, & Struckman-Johnson, David (1997). Men’s reactions to forceful sexual advances from women: The role of sexual standards, relationship availability, and the beauty bias. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 37(5-6), 319-334.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, & Struckman-Johnson, David (1998). The dynamics and impact of sexual coercion of men by women. In P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson (eds.), Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, pp. 121-143. New York: The Guilford Press.

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, Struckman-Johnson, David (2001). Men’s reactions to female sexual coercion. Psychiatric Times, XVII(3).

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, & Struckman-Johnson, David (2002). Sexual coercion reported by women in three Midwestern prisons. Journal of Sex Research 39(3), 217-227

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy, Struckman-Johnson, David, & Anderson, P. B. (2003). Tactics of sexual coercion: When men and women won’t take no for an answer. Journal of Sex Research, 40(1), 76-86.

Syed, Fariyam, & Williams, Sharon (1996). Case studies of female sex offenders in the Correctional Service of Canada. Ottawa, ON: Correctional Services of Canada. (Complete article at link)

Tardif, M., Auclair, N., Jacob, M., & Carpentier, J. (2005). Sexual abuse perpetrated by adult and juvenile females: An ultimate attempt to resolve a conflict associated with maternal identity. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29, 153-167.

Taylor, Terri (2001). Treating Female Sex Offenders and Standards for Education and Training in Marriage & Family Therapy Programs. Unpublished MSc Research Paper. Menomonie, WI: University of Wisconsin-Stout. Available at http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001taylort.pdf

Travin, S., Cullen, K., & Protter, B. (1990). Female sex offenders: Severe victims and victimizers. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 35(1), 140-150.

Turner, Kim, Miller, Holly A., Henderson, Craig E. (2008). Latent Profile Analyses of Offense and Personality Characteristics in a Sample of Incarcerated Female Sexual Offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35: 879-894

Turner, Macia T., & Turner, Tracey N. (1994). Female Adolescent Sexual Abusers: An Exploratory Study of Mother-Daughter Dynamics with Implications for Treatment. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.

Van Voorhis, Patricia, Wright, Emily M., Salisbury, Emily, Bauman, Ashley. (2010). Women's Risk Factors and Their Contributions to Existing Risk/Needs Assessment: The Current Status of a Gender-Responsive Supplement. Criminal Justice and Behavior 37, 261-288

Vander Mey, B. J. (1988). The sexual victimization of male children: A review of previous research. Child Abuse & Neglect, 12(1), 61-72.

Vandiver, Donna M., & Walker, Jeffrey T. (2002). Female sex offenders: An overview and analysis of 40 cases. Criminal Justice Review, 27(2), 284-300.

Vandiver, D., & Kercher, G. (2004). Offender and victim characteristics of registered female sexual offenders in Texas: A proposed typology of female sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, 121-137. 

Vandiver, D. (2006). Female sex offenders: A comparison of solo offenders and co-offenders. Violence and Victims, 21, 339-354.

Vandiver, Donna M., Teske, Raymond, Jr. (2006). Juvenile Female and Male Sex Offenders: A Comparison of Offender, Victim, and Judicial Processing Characteristics. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 50, 148-165.

Van Waters, M. (1951). Rehabilitation of women sex offenders. Journal of Social Hygiene, 37(5), 935-940.

Van Wormer, Katherine S. (2001). Counseling Female Offenders and Victims: A Strengths Restorative Approach. New York: Springer Publishers.

Vick, Jennifer, McRoy, Ruth, & Matthews, Bobbie M. (2002). Young female sex offenders: Assessment and treatment issues. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 11(2), 1-23.

Wahl, C. W. (1960). The psychodynamics of consummated maternal incest: A report of two cases. Archives of General Psychiatry,3, 96-101

Wakefield, Holida, & Underwager, Ralph. (1991). Female child sexual abusers: A critical review of the literature. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 9(4), 45-69. Available at http://www.ipt-forensics.com/library/female.htm

Wakefield, Hollida, Rogers, Martha, & Underwager, Ralph (1990). Female sexual abusers: A theory of loss. Issues in Child Abuse Accusations, 2(4), 191-195. Available on the World Wide Web at http://www.ipt-forensics.com/journal/volume2/j2_4_1.htm

Waldner-Haugrud, Lisa K. (1999). Sexual coercion in lesbian and gay relationships: A review and critique. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 4 (2), 139-149.

Waldner-Haugrud, Lisa K. & Magruder, B. (1995). Male and female sexual victimization in dating relationships: Gender differences in coercion techniques and outcomes. Violence and Victims, 10(3), 203-215.

Waldner-Haugrud, Lisa K. and Vaden Gratch, Linda, (1997). Sexual coercion in gay/lesbian relationships: Descriptives and gender differences. Violence and Victims, 12(1), 87-98.

Waldner-Haugrud, Lisa K., Vaden Gratch, Linda, & Magruder, B. (1997). Victimization and perpetration rates of violence in gay and lesbian relationships: Gender issues explored. Violence and Victims, 12 (2), 173-184.

Warren, Janet I., & Hislop, Julia (2001). Female sex offenders: A typological and etiological overview. In Robert R. Hazelwood & Ann Wolbert Burgess (eds.), Practical Aspects of Rape Investigation: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 3rd edition, pp. 421-434. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Waterman, C. K., Dawson, M. A., & Gologna, M. J. (1989). Sexual coercion in gay male and lesbian relationships: Predictors of gay rape. Journal of Sex Research, 26(1), 118-124.

Watkins, B., and Bentovim, A. (2000). Male children and adolescents as victims: A review of current knowledge. In Mezey, G. C., and King, M. B. (eds.), Male Victims of Sexual Assault, 2nd edition, pp. 35-78. New York: Oxford University Press.

Weizmann-Henelius, G., Viemero, V., & Eronen, M. (2003). The violent female perpetrator and her victim. Forensic Science International, 133(3), 197-203.

Weldon, E. V. (1990). Women who sexually abuse children. British Medical Journal, 300(6738), 1527-1528.

West, D. J., & Woodhouse, T. P. (eds.) (1993). Children’s Sexual Encounter with Adults: A Scientific Study Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books.

Whetsell-Mitchell, Juliann, & Morse, Jill (1998). From Victims to Survivors: Reclaimed Voices of Women Sexually Abused in Childhood by Females. Washington, DC: Accelerated Development.

White, J. W., & Humphrey, J. A. (1994). Women's aggression in heterosexual conflicts. Aggressive Behavior, 20, 195-202.

Widom, Cathy. (1979). Female Offenders: Three Assumptions About Self-Esteem, Sex-Role Identity, and Feminism. Criminal Justice and Behavior 6,365-382 Available at http://cjb.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/6/4/365

Wilkins, R. (1990). Women who sexually abuse children: Doctors need to become sensitised to the possibility. British Medical Journal, 300(300, 1153-1154.

Williams, S. (1995). Female Sex Offenders: Addendum to Risk Assessment Training Manual. (pp.38-46). Ottawa: Correctional Service Canada.

Wolfe, F. A. (1985). Twelve female sexual offenders. Paper presented at “Next steps in research on the assessment and treatment of sexually aggressive persons (Paraphiliacs),” March, 1985, St. Louis, MO.

Wolfers, Olive (1994). The paradox of women who sexually abuse children. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 93-99. New York: The Guilford Press.

Young, Myla H., Justice, Jerald V., Edberg, Philip. (2010) Sexual Offenders in Prison Psychiatric Treatment: A Biopsychosocial Description, Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 54, 92-112

Young, V. (1993). Women abusers – a feminist view. In M. Elliott (ed.) Female Sexual Abuse of Children – The Ultimate Taboo, pp. 100-. New York: The Guilford Press.

Young, Val (1994). Self-help for survivors. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 198-218. New York: The Guilford Press.

Young, Val (1994). Women abusers – A feminist view. In Michelle Elliott (ed.), Female Sexual Abuse of Children, pp. 100-113. New York: The Guilford Press.

Some Statistics

According to a major 2004 study commissioned by the U.S. Department of Education - In studies that ask students about offenders, sex differences are less than in adult reports. The 2000 AAUW data indicate that 57.2 percent of all students report a male offender and 42.4 percent a female offender with the Cameron et al. study reporting nearly identical proportions as the 2000 AAUW data (57 percent male offenders vs. 43 percent female offenders).. (Source .PDF Download)

Approximately 95% of all youth reporting staff sexual misconduct said they had been victimized by female staff. In 2008, 42% of staff in state juvenile facilities were female. (Bureau of Justice Report)

More women (58%) than men (42%) are perpetrators of all forms of child maltreatment. (Child Maltreatment: Facts at a Glance CDC)

One in six adult men reported being sexually molested as children, and -- in a surprise finding -- nearly 40 percent of the perpetrators were female, a new study found.

About 27 percent of women and 34 percent of men among the Dunedin study members reported they had been physically abused by their partner. About 37 percent of women and 22 percent of men said they had perpetrated the violence.

UBC Study Challenges Stereotypes of Sexually Exploited Youth: Boys as Likely as Girls to be Exploited

In a study of 17,337 survivors of childhood sexual abuse, 23% had a female-only perpetrator and 22% had both male and female perpetrators. ( Dube, Shanta R et al. “Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse by Gender of Victim.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine. (2005):28(5), p 430 – 438.)

Blog Roll & Links

Blooming Lotus Female Violence - Can we therapists face up to it? Female-Offenders.com - Home Making Daughters Safe Again: Support for Survivors of Mother-daughter sexual abuse MaleSurvivor Men Shouldn't Be Overlooked as Victims of Partner Violence Pri-Med Patient Education Center - Domestic violence: Not always one sided References Examining Assaults By Women On Their Spouses Or Male Partners: An Annotated Bibiliography Shattered Souls-Childhood Sexual Abuse and Incest Stop Abuse For Everyone Whitedovesnest.com Contact Information:

DISCLAIMER

This website is for informational purposes only. It should not be construed as providing either legal advice or mental health advice.

We do the best we can, but we do not make any guarantee about the accuracy of the information. Links to other sites and resources are provided, but this does not constitute an endorsement of them or their content. We do not monitor linked websites.

Throughout this site will appear links to information stored on various web sites and blogs over which the operators and contributors of this blog have no control what-so-ever. These external links are provided for information purposes only and as such the operators and contributors of this blog accept no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy or value of any information provided by external sites to which we link.

The Blog Author is not responsible for, and expressly disclaims all liability for, damages of any kind arising out of use, reference to, or reliance on any information contained within the site.

Nothing published on this site should be construed as a statement of fact regarding guilt or innocence of anyone accused of anything PRIOR to the accused having their day in court which obviously includes a fair and completed trial. In other words all individuals listed on this site are presumed innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.

Frequently the editors, writers and contributors for this blog will post snippets of text and/or graphics obtained from various web sites and/or blogs, the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of criminal justice, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, and social justice issues, etc. We believe this constitutes a ‘fair use’ of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit to those interested in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. Descriptions and verbiage on these pages have not been investigated, nor have the claims made by any third-party.
Source: whataboutwhenmomistheabuser.blogspot.com/p/female-sex-offenders-and-their-victims.html

Bibliography on Boundaries


  • Boundaries: Where You End and I Begin, Anne Katherine, Parkside, 1991
  • Learning to Say No: Establishing Healthy Boundaries, Carla Wells-Brandon, Health Communications, 1990
*     *     *

As CNN’s Nancy Grace plaintively asks, ‘Why is it when a man rapes a little girl, he goes to jail, but when a woman rapes a boy, she had a breakdown?’”

©2017-2023, www.ZeroAttempts.org/sexual-assault.html
  111122