Cyberbullying & Suicide
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Depression Screening Test
The Impact of the Digital Age on Suicide Prevention
Depression High in Cyberbully Victims
Common Signs of Someone Who May Be Suicidal 13 Reasons Why Not
How Childhood Trauma and Dissociation Result in Horrible Adulthood Problems
Youth Safety Plan
Bullying
and suicide Legal analysts criticise the term bullycide because it links a cause with an effect under someone else's control.[7] Research shows those who are bullied have a higher probability of considering or performing suicide than those who are not.[5] However, there are victims of bullying who do not end up committing suicide, and some of them share their experiences in order to send a positive message to bullying victims that suicide is not the only option.[8] In 2010, the suicides of teenagers in the United States who were bullied because they were gay or perceived to be[9][10] led to the establishment of the It Gets Better project by Dan Savage,[11][12] The online event, Spirit Day, was created in which participants were asked to wear purple as a symbol of respect for the deceased victims of bullying, particularly cyberbullying, and to signify opposition to the bullying of the LGBT community. Contents 1 Statistics
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) states that over 47,000 deaths occur from suicide each year. There are about 100 attempts of suicide to every 1 successful suicide. A little over 14% of students in high school consider suicide and approximately 7% of them attempt suicide. Students that are bullied are around 2 to 9 times more likely to consider suicide than non-victims.[13] A study in Britain found that at least half of suicides among young people are related to bullying. 10 to 14 year old teen girls are most likely to commit suicide based on this study. According to ABC News, nearly 30% of students are either victims of bullies or bullies themselves and 160,000 kids stay home from school every day because they are scared of being bullied.[14] Cyberbullying is a form of aggression by using the internet and/or electronic communication, such as mobile phones, e-mail, and text message, to cause humiliation, terrorization, embarrassment, and/or psychological distress to a peer.[15] In comparison to verbal bullying, a research study showed that adolescents who reported cyberbullying were 11.5 more likely to have suicidal ideation, while those who have reported verbal bullying were only 8.4 times more Iikely.[16] In another study, 75% of adolescents who experienced cyberbullying presented with higher suicidal ideation than those who have experienced verbal bullying.[17] Circumstances that can affect a person's vulnerability
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBTQ+) youth Suicide attempts are 2-4 times higher than heterosexual peers. Young adults of the LGBT community "must cope with developing sexual minority identity along with negative comments, jokes, and threats of violence. A research identified that 19 studies were linked to suicidal behavior in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) students to bullying at school. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender students experience more bullying than heterosexual students.[19] Marr, Neil; Field, Tim (30 January 2001). Bullycide: Death at Playtime (1 ed.). Success Unlimited. ISBN 978-0-9529121-2-5. Bender, Joyce (28 April 2008). "Bullycide: The Only Escape for Some Brutalizd Children with Disabilities". The Cutting Edge. Retrieved 24 October 2010. Pursell Elliott, Gail (9 May 2003). School Mobbing and Emotional Abuse: See it - Stop it - Prevent it with Dignity and Respect. Routledge. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-415-94551-6. Moffatt, Gregory K (30 June 2003). Wounded Innocents and Fallen Angels: Child Abuse and Child Aggression. Praeger Publishers. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-275-97848-8. Martinez, Edecio (4 May 2010). "Cyber Bullying Illegal: Mass. Governor Signs Landmark Anti-Bullying Law - Crimesider - CBS News". CBS News. Retrieved 25 October 2010. Marr, Neil; Field, Tim (30 January 2001). Bullycide: Death at Playtime (1 ed.). Success Unlimited. ISBN 978-0-9529121-2-5. Kohut, Margaret R (9 November 2007). The Complete Guide to Understanding, Controlling, and Stopping Bullies & Bullying: A Complete Guide for Teachers & Parents. Atlantic Publishing Company. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-60138-021-0. "National Suicide Prevention Day ; Tales of a Polar Bear". talesofapolarbear.com. 2018-09-10. Retrieved 4 March 2019. LaSalle, Reneé (16 November 2009). "No Charges in Murray County High School "Bullycide" Case". WDEF News. Retrieved 24 October 2010. Sikora, Kate (31 July 2008). "Signs that can help you save your child". The Daily Telegraph (Australia). Retrieved 24 October 2010. "GT Investigates - In This Issue". GayTimes. Archived from the original on 2010-11-14. Retrieved 2010-11-04. "In suicide's wake, a message to gay teens: Hang on; you are not alone". St. Petersburg Times; Tampabay.com. 2 October 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-16. "Bullying and Suicide". Bullying Statistics. 2015-07-07. Retrieved 2017-01-02. News, A. B. C. (2010-10-18). "Bullying in America's Schools". ABC News. Retrieved 2018-02-04. Pinto, Melissa D. (2017). "Challenges and opportunities for addressing adolescent cyberbullying within the context of clinically meaningful psychological outcomes: Addressing Adolescent Cyberbullying". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing. 30 (1): 4–5. doi:10.1111/jcap.12168. Alavi, Nazanin; Reshetukha, Taras; Prost, Eric; Antoniak, Kristen; Patel, Charmy; Sajid, Saad; Groll, Dianne (2017). "Relationship between Bullying and Suicidal Behaviour in Youth presenting to the Emergency Department". Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal De l'Academie Canadienne De Psychiatrie De L'enfant Et De L'adolescent. 26 (2): 70–77. ISSN 1719-8429. PMC 5510935. PMID 28747929. Roberts, Nasreen; Axas, Nicholas; Nesdole, Robert; Repetti, Leanne (2016). "Pediatric Emergency Department Visits for Mental Health Crisis: Prevalence of Cyber-Bullying in Suicidal Youth". Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal. 33 (5): 469–472. doi:10.1007/s10560-016-0442-8. ISSN 0738-0151. "The Relationship Between Bullying and Suicide : What We Know and What it Means for Schools" (PDF). Cdc.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-02.
"Suicide
and Bullying" (PDF).
Sprc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-02. (8 page PDF) Pediatric
Emergency Department Visits for Mental Health Crisis:
Prevalence of Cyber-Bullying in Suicidal Youth The objective of this work is to (1) study the prevalence of cyber-bullying amongst adolescents referred by Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) for urgent psychiatric assessment and (2) to examine the association between cyber-bullying and suicidal behavior to assist emergency department professionals in screening for risk and triage. This is a retrospective study of patients referred by PED to an urgent psychiatric clinic. Data was extracted for those with bullying victimization. Clinical variables included demographics, reason for referral, type of bullying, substance use, abuse, past psychiatric history, diagnosis and outcome. The cyber-bullying group was compared to those with traditional bullying and a group with no-bullying. Data analysis was conducted using Chi squares, multinomial and bimodal logistic regression. The urgent psychiatric clinic assessed 805 patients in 24 months, the prevalence of bullying was 26.9 % (n = 217). The prevalence of Cyber-bullying was 13.5 % (n = 109) and traditional bullying was 13.4 % (n = 108). Cyber-bullying victims have more suicidal ideation (?² = 7.82, p = .005; 85.3 vs. 69.4 %), more sexual abuse (?² = 5.75, p = .02; 29.4 vs. 15.7 %), more emotional abuse (?² = 10.8, p = .01; 30.3 vs. 12.0 %) and physical abuse (?² = 6.13, p = .01; 27.5 vs. 13.9 %) and a higher inpatient admission rate. Suicidal ideation is the presenting problem in more than two-thirds of patients, especially females, with history of cyber-bullying who present to the PED. Screening questions about cyber-bullying could assist emergency room professionals in establishing risk and making triage decisions. References Dooley, J. J., Pyzalski, J., & Cross, D. (2009). Cyber-bullying versus face-to-face bullying: A theoretical and conceptual review. Journal of Psychology, 217, 182–188. Gan, S. S., Zhong, C., Das, S., Gan, J. S., Willis, S., & Tully, E. (2011). The prevalence of bullying and cyber-bullying in high school: A 2011 survey. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 26, 27–31. Goebert, D., Else, I., Matsu, C., Chung-Do, J., & Chang, J. Y. (2011). The impact of cyber-bullying on substance use and mental health in a multiethnic sample. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 15, 1282–1286. Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2006). Bullies move beyond the schoolyard. A preliminary look at cyber-bullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4, 148–169. Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2009). Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyber-bullying. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2010). Bullying, cyber-bullying, and suicide. Archives of Suicide Research, 14, 206–221. Kaltiala-Heino, R., Rimpela, M., Marttunen, M., Rimpela, A., & Rantanen, P. (1999). Bullying, depression, and suicidal ideation in Finnish adolescents: school survey. British Medical Journal, 319, 348–351. Kim, Y. S., & Leventhal, B. (2008). Bullying and suicide. A review. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 20, 133–154. Li, Q. (2005). New bottle but old wine: A research of cyber-bullying in schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 1777–1791. Mishna, F., Cook, C., Gadalla, T., Daciuk, J., & Solomon, S. (2010). Cyber-bullying behaviors among middle and high school students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80, 362–374. Modecki, K. L., Minchin, J., Harbaugh, A. G., Guerra, N. G., & Runions, K. C. (2014). Bullying prevalence across contexts: A meta-analysis measuring cyber and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55, 602–611. Newton, A. S., Ali, S., Johnson, D. W., Haines, C., Rosychuk, R. J., Keaschuk, R. A., et al. (2009). A 4-year review of pediatric mental health emergencies in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 11, 447–454. Olweus, D. (2012). Cyber-bullying: An overrated phenomenon? European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9, 1–19. Paglia-Boak, A., Adlaf, E. M., Hamilton, H. A., Beitchman, J. H., Wolfe, D., & Mann, R. E. (2014). The mental health and well-being of Ontario students, 1991–2011: Detailed OSDUHS findings. Retrieved Apr 25, 2015 from http://www.camh.ca/en/research/news_and_publications/ontario-student-drug-use-and-health-survey/Documents/2011%20OSDUHS%20Docs/2011OSDUHS_Detailed_MentalHealthReport.pdf Prince, S., Wilmore, J., Ali, A., Leikin, B., & Ray, R. (2011). Mental Health, School Climate and Bullying among Youth: Results from the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey 2009–2011 Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., Roumeliotis, P., & Xu, H. (2014). Associations between cyber-bullying and school bullying victimization and suicidal ideation, plans and attempts among Canadian school-children. PLoS One, 9, e102145. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102145 Schneider, S. K., O’Donnell, L., Stueve, A., & Coulter, R. W. (2012). Cyber-bullying, school bullying, and psychological distress: A regional census of high school students. American Journal of Public Health, 102, 171–177. Sills, M. R., & Bland, S. D. (2002). Summary statistics for pediatric psychiatric visits to US emergency departments. Pediatrics, 110, e40. Sinyor, M., Schaffer, A., & Cheung, A. H. (2014). An observational study of bullying as a contributing factor in youth suicide in Toronto. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 59, 632–638. Slonje, R., & Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyber-bullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 147–154. Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyber-bullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 277–287. Forensic Mental Health Aspects of Adolescent “Cyber Bullying”: A Jurisprudent Science Perspective Opportunistic Screening for Exposure to Bullying in the Pediatric Emergency Department Pediatric Emergency Department Visits for Mental Health Crisis: Prevalence of Cyber-Bullying in Suicidal Youth Source: link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10560-016-0442-8
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